Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Pathology

  • Chapter
Management of Oesophageal Carcinoma

  • 65 Accesses

Abstract

The microscopical confirmation of the diagnosis of carcinoma of the oesophagus, together with its history and pathogenesis, are discussed in this chapter. Rational management also requires assessment of the extent of the disease (staging) and prediction of its behaviour (cell typing and grading), which also come within the purview of the pathologist.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackerman LV, Weinstein IB, Kaplan HS et al. (1978) Cancer of the esophagus. In: Kaplan HS, Tsuchitani PJ (eds) Cancer in China. Alan R Liss, New York, pp 111–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Adamson RH, Krolikowski FJ, Correa P, Sieber SM, Dalgard DW (1977) Carcinogenicity of 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea in nonhuman primates. J Natl Cancer Inst 59:415–422 (XR 1, LM 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Agha FP (1985) Barrett carcinoma of the esophagus: clinical and radiographic analysis of 34 cases. AJR 145:41–46 (XR 6, Macro 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agha FP, Weatherbee L, Sams JS (1984) Verrucous carcinoma of the esophagus. Am J Gastroenterol 79:844–849 (XR 3, LM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahlbom HE (1936) Simple achlorhydric anaemia, Plummer–Vinson syndrome, and carcinoma of the mouth, pharynx, and oesophagus in women. Br Med J ii:331–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Joint Committee on Cancer (1987) Manual for staging cancer, 3rd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson LL, Lad TE (1982) Autopsy findings in squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 50:1587–1590

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Antler AS, Ough Y, Pitchumoni CS, Davidian M, Thelmo W (1982) Gastrointestinal metastases from malignant tumours of the lung. Cancer 49:170–172

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azzopardi JG, Menzies T (1962) Primary oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Confirmation of its existence by the finding of mucous gland tumours. Br J Surg 49:497–506 (XR 2, Macro 2, LM 12)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barge J, Molas G, Maillard JN, Fekete F, Bogomoletz WV, Potet F (1981) Superficial oesophageal carcinoma: an oesophageal counterpart of early gastric cancer. Histopathology 5:499–510 (Macro 3, LM 5)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett NR (1957) The lower esophagus lined by columnar epithelium. Surgery 41:881–894

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Battifora H (1976) Spindle cell carcinoma. Ultrastructural evidence of squamous origin and collagen production by the tumour cells. Cancer 37:2275–2282 (LM 2, EM 5)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beutler B, Cerami A (1986) Cachectin and tumour necrosis factor as two sides of the same biological coin. Nature 320:584–588 (Autorad 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigelow NH (1953) Carcinoma of the esophagus developing at the site of lye stricture. Cancer 6:1159–1164 (Macro 1, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boewer C (1986) Zur Kanzerogenen Wirkung langjahriger Benzenexposition. Auftreten eines Plasmozytoms und zweier solider Malignome an ein und demselben Arbeitsplatz. Folia Haematol 113:615–632

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremner CG, Lynch VP, Ellis FH (1970) Barrett’s esophagus: congenital or acquired? An experimental study of esophageal mucosal regeneration in the dog. Surgery 68:209–216 (Macro 3, LM 12)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brenner S, Heimlich H, Widman M (1969) Carcinoid of esophagus. N Y State J Med 69:1337–1339 (XR 1, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Broders AC, Vinson PP (1928) The degree of malignancy of carcinoma of the esophagus. Arch Otolaryngol 8:79–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown-Kelly A (1919) Spasm at the entrance to the oesophagus. J Laryngol 34:285–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Butler ML, Van Heertum RL, Teplick SK (1975) Metastatic malignant melanoma of the esophagus: a case report. Gastroenterology 69:1334–1337 (XR 2, LM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charbit A, Malaise EP, Tubiana M (1971) Relation between the pathological nature and the growth rate of human tumors. Eur J Cancer 7:307–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chisholm M, Ardran GM, Callender ST, Wright R (1971) A follow-up study of patients with post-cricoid webs. Q J Med 40:409–420 (XR 3)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chong FK, Graham JH, Madoff IM (1979) Mucin-producing carcinoid (“composite tumor”) of upper third of esophagus. A variant of carcinoid tumor. Cancer 44:1853–1859 (Macro 1, LM 6)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clements JL, Cox GW, Torres WE, Weens HS (1974) Cervical esophageal webs — a roentgen— anatomic correlation. Observations on the pharyngoesophagus. Am J Roentgenol Rad Ther Nucl Med 121:221–231 (XR 10, Macro 4, LM 4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cliffton EE (1970) Treatment of cancer of the esophagus. Mod Treatment 7:1261–1283 (XR 16, Macro 3)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cook MG, Eusebi V, Betts CM (1976) Oat-cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a recently recognized entity. J Clin Pathol 29:1068–1073 (Macro 1, LM 3, EM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Correa P (1982) Precursors of gastric and esophageal cancer. Cancer 50:2554–2565 (LM 8)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Crespi M, Muñoz N, Grassi A et al. (1979) Oesophageal lesions in Northern Iran: A premalignant condition? Lancet II:217–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Day DW (1986) Biopsy pathology of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Chapman and Hall, London, pp 21–29 (LM 4)

    Google Scholar 

  • De la Pava S, Nigogosyan G, Pickren JW, Cabrera A (1963) Melanosis of the esophagus. Cancer 16:48–50 (LM 2)

    Google Scholar 

  • DiCostanzo DP, Urmacher C (1987) Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Am J Surg Pathol 11:46–52 (XR 1, Macro 1, LM 4, EM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dodge OG (1961) Gastro-oesophageal carcinoma of mixed histological type. J Pathol Bacteriol 81:459–471 (LM 9)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du Boulay CEH, Isaacson PG (1981) Carcinoma of the oesophagus with spindle cell features. Histopathology 5:403–414 (Macro 2, LM 13, EM 1)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Editorial (1984) Cancer cachexia. Lancet I:833–834

    Google Scholar 

  • Endo M, Takeshita K, Yoshida M (1986) How can we diagnose the early stages of esophageal cancer? Endoscopic diagnosis. Endoscopy 18 [Suppl 3]: 11–18 (Macro 19, LM 1)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Entwistle CC, Jacobs A (1965) Histological findings in the Paterson—Kelly syndrome. J Clin Pathol 18:408–413 (LM 7)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fox H (1987) Cervical smears: new terminology and new demands. Br Med J 294:1307–1308

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garlock JH, Richter R (1961) Carcinoma in a pharyngo-esophageal diverticulum: a case report. Ann Surg 154:259–262 (XR 4)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Geddes DM (1979) The natural history of lung cancer: a review based on rates of tumour growth. Br J Dis Chest 73:1–17

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goyal RK, Bauer JL, Spiro HM (1971) The nature and location of lower esophageal ring. N Engl J Med 284:1175–1180 (XR 1, Macro 2, LM 3)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guanrei Y, He H, Sungliang Q, Yuming C (1982) Endoscopic diagnosis of 115 cases of early esophageal carcinoma. Endoscopy 14:157–161 (Macro 11, LM 3)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hamilton SR, Yardley JH (1977) Regeneration of cardiac type mucosa and acquisition of Barrett mucosa after esophagogastrostomy. Gastroenterology 72:669–675 (Macro 1, LM 8)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hankins JR, McLaughlin JS (1975) The association of carcinoma of the esophagus with achalasia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 69:355–360 (XR 2, Macro 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harper PS, Harper RMJ, Howel-Evans AW (1970) Carcinoma of the oesophagus with tylosis. Q J Med 39:317–333 (Macro 3)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heber D, Byerly LO, Chlebowski RT (1985) Metabolic abnormalities in the cancer patient. Cancer 55:225–229

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hermanek P, Sobin P, Leslie H (eds) (1987) TNM classification of malignant tumours, 4th edn. (UICC) Springer–Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Herrold KM (1966) Epidermoid carcinomas of esophagus and forestomach induced in Syrian hamsters by N-nitroso-N-methylurethan. J Natl Cancer Inst 37:389–394 (LM8)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hille JJ, Markowitz S, Margolius KA, Isaacson C (1985) Human papillomavirus and carcinoma of the esophagus. N Engl J Med 312:1707 (letter)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hille JJ, Margolius KA, Markowitz S, Isaacson C (1986) Human papillomavirus infection related to oesophageal carcinoma in black South Africans. A preliminary study. S Afr Med J 69:417–420 (LM 5)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howel-Evans W, McConnell RB, Clarke CA, Sheppard PM (1958) Carcinoma of the oesophagus with keratosis palmaris et plantaris (tylosis). A study of two families. Q J Med 27:413–429 (Macro 2, LM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt TE, Hunt EA (1962) Radioautographic study of proliferation in the stomach of the rat using thymidine–H3 and compound 48/80. Anat Rec 142:505–517 (Macro 1, LM 1, Autorad 10)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi S (1983) Radiosensitivity and cell kinetics of the human solid cancer transplanted to nude mouse. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 84:655–666 (LM 8)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Japanese Society for Oesophageal Diseases (1976) Guide lines for the clinical and pathologic studies on carcinoma of the esophagus. Jap J Surg 6:69–86 (XR 7, Macro 4, LM 6)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jass JR, Morson BC (1987) Reporting colorectal cancer. J Clin Pathol 40:1016–1023

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johns BAE (1952) Developmental changes in the oesophageal epithelium in man. J Anat 86:431–442 (LM 26)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Just-Viera JO, Haight C (1969) Achalasia and carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 128:1081–1095

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kasugai T, Kobayashi S, Kuno N (1978) Endoscopic cytology of the esophagus, stomach and pancreas. Acta Cytol 22:327–330

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kay S (1963) A ten-year appraisal of the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 117:167–171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kulski J, Demeter T, Sterrett GF, Shilkin KB (1986) Human papilloma virus DNA in oesophageal carcinoma. Lancet II:683–684 (letter) (Autorad 6)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lansing PB, Ferrante WA, Oschsner JL (1969) Carcinoma of the esophagus at the site of lye stricture. Am J Surg 118:108–111 (XR 3, Macro 1, LM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leblond CP, Clermont Y, Nadler NJ (1967) The pattern of stem renewal in three epithelia (esophagus, intestine and testis). Can Cancer Conf 7:3–30 (LM 3, Autorad 5)

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine MS, Dillon EC, Saul SH, Laufer I (1986) Early esophageal cancer. AJR 146:507–512 (XR 5, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SH, Lin P (1982) Recent research on the etiology of esophageal cancer in China. Z Gastroenterol 20:361–367

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SH, Montesano R, Zhang MS et al. (1986a) Relevance of N–nitrosamines to esophageal cancer in China. J Cell Physiol [Suppl] 4:51–58

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lu SH, Ohshima H, Fu HM et al. (1986b) Urinary excretion of N–nitrosamino acids and nitrate by inhabitants of high- and low-risk areas for esophageal cancer in Northern China: Endogenous formation of nitrosoproline and its inhibition by vitamin C. Cancer Res 46: 1485–1491

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mahboubi E (1977) The epidemiology of oral cavity, pharyngeal and esophageal cancer outside of North America and Western Europe. Cancer 40:1879–1886

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Majmudar B, Dillard R, Susann PW (1978) Collision carcinoma of the gastric cardia. Hum Pathol 9:471–473 (Macro 1, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandard AM, Chasle J, Marnay J et al. (1981) Autopsy findings in 111 cases of esophageal cancer. Cancer 48:329–335

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mannell A (1982) Carcinoma of the esophagus. Curr Prob Surg 19:553–647 (XR 23, Macro 5)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcial Rojas RA, Vallecillo LA (1959) Primary adenoidcystic carcinoma of the esophagus. Report of one case and review of the literature. Arch Otolaryngol 70:197–201 (XR 1, Macro 1, LM 4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsufuji H, Kuwano H, Ueo H, Sugimachi K, Inokuchi K (1985) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus: a case report. Jap J Surg 15:55–59 (Macro 1, LM 4)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsusaka T, Watanabe H, Enjoji M (1976) Pseudosarcoma and carcinosarcoma of the esophagus. Cancer 37:1546–1555 (Macro 3, LM 9)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuura H, Sugimachi K, Ueo H, Kuwano H, Koga Y, Okamura T (1986) Malignant potentiality of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus predictable by DNA analysis. Cancer 57:1810–1814

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKechnie JC, Fechner RE (1971) Choriocarcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus with gonadotrophin secretion. Cancer 27:694–702 (XR 6, LM 3)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKeown F (1952) Oat-cell carcinoma of the oesophagus. J Pathol Bacteriol 64:889–891 (LM 4)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McNab Jones RF (1961) The Paterson—Brown—Kelly syndrome. Its relationship to iron deficiency and postcricoid carcinoma. J Laryngol Otol 75:529–561 (XR 7)

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer W, Vollmar F, Bar W (1979) Barrett-esophagus following total gastrectomy. A contribution to its pathogenesis. Endoscopy 11:121–126 (Macro 2, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller C (1962) Carcinoma of thoracic oesophagus and cardia. A review of 405 cases. Br J Surg 49:507–522 (LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ming S-C (1971) Tumors of the esophagus and stomach. Atlas of tumor pathology, second series, fasc 7. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris H, Price S (1986) Langerhans’ cells, papillomaviruses and oesophageal carcinoma. A hypothesis. S Afr Med J 69:413–417 (LM 5)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morson BC, Belcher JR (1952) Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and ectopic gastric mucosa. Br J Surg 6:127–130 (XR 3, Macro 1, LM 4)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morson BC, Jass JR (1985) Precancerous conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. A histological classification. Baillière Tindall, London (LM 29)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mossberg SM (1966) The columnar-lined esophagus (Barrett syndrome) — an acquired condition? Gastroenterology 50:671–676 (XR 1, LM 4)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muñoz N, Crespi M, Grassi A, Qing WG, Qiong S, Cai LZ (1982) Precursor lesions of oesophageal cancer in high-risk populations in Iran and China. Lancet I: 876–879

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura T, Matsuyama M, Kishimoto H (1974) Tumors of the esophagus and duodenum induced in mice by oral administration of N-ethyl-N’-nitro-N–nitrosoguanidine. J Natl Cancer Inst 52:519–522 (LM 4)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Napalkov NP, Pozharisski KM (1969) Morphogenesis of experimental tumours of the esophagus. J Natl Cancer Inst 42:922–940 (Macro 1, LM 8)

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Gara RW, Horn RC (1955) Intramucosal carcinoma of the esophagus. Arch Pathol 60:95–98 (LM 5)

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson C, Gordon DE, Robl MG, Lee KP (1969) Oncogenicity of bovine papilloma virus. Arch Environ Health 19:827–837 (Macro 11, LM 7)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oota K, Sobin LH (1977) Histological typing of gastric and oesophageal tumours. International histological classification of tumours, no. 18. World Health Organization, Geneva (LM 26)

    Google Scholar 

  • Paterson DR (1919) A clinical type of dysphagia. J Laryngol 34:289–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Polk HC, Camp FA, Walker AW (1967) Dysphagia and esophageal stenosis. Manifestation of metastatic mammary cancer. Cancer 20:2002–2007 (XR 5, LM 2)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rajindranath T, Nair KV, Devi RS, Devi NN (1984) Prolonged “in situ” stage in oesophageal carcinoma. J Assoc Physicians India 32:455–456 (LM 4)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rector LE, Connerley ML (1941) Aberrant mucosa in the esophagus in infants and in children. Arch Pathol 31:285–294 (LM 4)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rindi G, Bishop AE, Daily MJ, Lee FI, Isaacs P, Polak JM (1987) Presence of hormone containing cells in Barrett’s oesophagus. A prospective endoscopic study of 45 cases. J Pathol 152:227A (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V (1984) The gastrointestinal tract. In: Robbins SL (ed) Pathologic basic of disease, 3rd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 804–806

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts JG (1980) Cancer of the oesophagus — how should tumour biology affect treatment? Br J Surg 67:791–797

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosai J (1981) Gastrointestinal tract. In: Rosai J (ed) Ackerman’s surgical pathology, vol 1,6th edn. Mosby, St Louis, pp 400–569

    Google Scholar 

  • Rywlin AM, Ortega R (1970) Glycogenic acanthosis of the esophagus. Arch Pathol 90:439–443 (Macro 3, LM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasajima K, Kawachi T, Sano T, Sugimura T, Shimosato Y, Shirota A (1977) Esophageal and gastric cancers with metastases induced in dogs by N-ethyl-N’-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. J Natl Cancer Inst 58:1789–1794 (Macro 1, LM 11)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt FA (1805) De mammalium oesophago atque ventriculo. MD thesis, Halle University, Saxony

    Google Scholar 

  • Shamma’a MH, Benedict EB (1958) Esophageal webs. A report of 58 cases and an attempt at classification. N Engl J Med 259:378–384 (XR 2, Macro 1)

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shine I, Allison PR (1966) Carcinoma of the oesophagus with tylosis (keratosis palmaris et plantaris) Lancet I:951–953 (LM 1)

    Google Scholar 

  • Singer GM, Chuan J, Roman J, Min-Hsin L, Lijinsky W (1986) Nitrosamines and nitrosamine precursors in foods from Linxian, China, a high incidence area for esophageal cancer. Carcinogenesis 7:733–736

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smithers DW (1955) The association of cancer of the stomach and oesophagus with herniation at the oesophageal hiatus of the diaphragm. Br J Radiol 28:554–564 (Macro 1, LM 13)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sohn D, Valensi Q, Bryk D (1965) Hepatoma metastasizing to the esophagus. JAMA 194:910–912 (XR 1, Macro 2, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sons HU, Borchard F (1984) Esophageal cancer. Autopsy findings in 171 cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med 108:983–988 (Macro 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanley KE (1980) Prognostic factors for survival in patients with inoperable lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 65:25–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stout AP, Humphreys GH, Rottenberg LA (1949) A case of carcinosarcoma of the esophagus. Am J Roentgenol Rad Ther Nucl Med 61:461–469 (XR 4, Macro 3, LM 3)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimachi K, Ide H, Okamura T, Matsuura H, Endo M, Inokuchi K (1984) Cytophotometric DNA analysis of mucosal and submucosal carcinoma of the esophagus. Cancer 53:2683–2687

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugimachi K, Koga Y, Mori M, Huang GJ, Yang K, Zhang RG (1987) Comparative data on cytophotometric DNA in malignant lesions of the esophagus in the Chinese and Japanese. Cancer 59:1947–1950

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swann PF (1984) The possible role of nitrosamines in the link between alcohol consumption and esophageal cancer in man. Toxicol Pathol 12:357–360

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Syrjanen KJ (1982) Histological changes identical to those of condylomatous lesions found in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Arch Geschwulstforsch 52:283–292 (LM 5)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takagi I, Karasawa K (1982) Growth of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma observed by serial esophagographies. J Surg Oncol 21:57–60 (XR 11)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi K (1961) Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Stromal inflammatory cell infiltration as a prognostic factor. Cancer 14:921–933 (LM 8)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takubo K, Tsuchiya S, Fukushi K, Shirota A, Mitomo Y (1981) Dysplasia and reserve cell hyperplasia-like change in human esophagus. Acta Pathol Jap 31:999–1013 (LM 12)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takubo K, Nishimura H, Taniguchi Y et al. (1984) Junctions between intraepithelial carcinoma and non–neoplastic tissue of the esophagus. Light and electron microscopic studies. Acta Pathol Jap 34:785–796 (Macro 1, LM 3, EM 6)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takubo K, Takai A, Takayama S, Sasajima K, Yamashita K, Fujita K (1987) Intraductal spread of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer 59:1751–1757 (LM 6, EM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tateishi R, Taniguchi H, Wada A, Horai T, Taniguchi K (1974) Argyrophil cells and melanocytes in esophogeal mucosa. Arch Pathol 98:87–89 (LM 8)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tedesco FJ, Morton WJ (1975) Lower-esophageal webs. Am J Dig Dis 20:381–383 (XR 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torti FM, Dieckmann B, Beutler B, Cerami A, Ringold GM (1985) A macrophage factor inhibits adipocyte gene expression: An in vitro model of cachexia. Science 229:867–869 (Autorad 4)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ushigome S, Spjut HJ, Noon GP (1967) Extensive dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of esophageal epithelium. Cancer 20:1023–1029 (XR 1, LM 6)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinson PP (1921) Hysterical dysphagia. Minn Med 5:107–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldenstrom J (1938) Iron and epithelium. Some clinical observations. Part I. Regeneration of the epithelium. Acta Med Scand [Suppl] 90:380–397 (XR 8)

    Google Scholar 

  • Waldenstrom J, Kjellberg SR (1939) The roentgenological diagnosis of sideropenic dysphagia (Plummer—Vinson’s syndrome). Acta Radiol 20:618–638 (XR 22)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber J, Hecker E (1978) Cocarcinogens of the diterpene ester type from Croton flavens L. and esophageal cancer in Curacao. Experientia 34:679–682

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Winkler B, quoted by Goldsmith MF (1984) Papillomavirus invades esophagus, incidence seems to be increasing. JAMA 251:2185–2187 (LM 2)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood CB, Wood RAB (1975) Metastatic malignant melanoma of the esophagus. Am J Dig Dis 20:786–789 (XR 2, LM 1)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodard BH, Shelburne JD, Vollmer RT, Postlethwait RW (1978) Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus: a case report. Hum Pathol 9:352–354 (LM 2, EM 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wychulis AR, Woolam GL, Andersen HA, Ellis FH (1971) Achalasia and carcinoma of the esophagus. JAMA 215:1638–1641 (XR 2, Macro 2)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang CS (1980) Research on esophageal cancer in China: a review. Cancer Res 40:2633–2644

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yardley JH (1987) Campylobacter pyloridis and other new infectious agents in the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Surg Pathol 11:154 (abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yates DR, Koss LG (1968) Paget’s disease of the esophageal epithelium. Report of first case. Arch Pathol 86:447–452 (LM 9)

    Google Scholar 

  • Younghusband JD, Aluwihare APR (1970) Carcinoma of the oesophagus: factors influencing survival. Br J Surg 57:422–430 (Macro 1, LM 5)

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. J. R. Salisbury
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. W. F. Whimster
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. North Middlesex Hospital, Edmonton, London, N18 1QX, UK

    Raymond L. Hurt MB, BS, FRCS (Consultant Thoracic Surgeon) (Consultant Thoracic Surgeon)

  2. St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, EC1A 7BE, UK

    Raymond L. Hurt MB, BS, FRCS (Consultant Thoracic Surgeon) (Consultant Thoracic Surgeon)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Salisbury, J.R., Whimster, W.F. (1989). Pathology. In: Hurt, R.L. (eds) Management of Oesophageal Carcinoma. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3153-3_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3153-3_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3155-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3153-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation