Abstract
The clinical syndrome of cardiac failure has long been recognised, but its management remains one of the major problems in clinical cardiology. About one-quarter of patients with cardiovascular disease have heart failure and the long-term prognosis is determined by the degree to which cardiac performance is impaired (Klainer et al. 1965). Recent innovations in the investigation of cardiac patients have increased our understanding of the mechanism of cardiac failure and aided the development of a logical approach to its long-term management.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armstrong PW, Armstrong JA, Marks GS (1980) Pharmacokinetic-haemodynamic studies of nitroglycerin ointment in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 46: 670–676
Arnold SB, Byrd RC, Meister W et al. (1980) Long-term digitalis therapy in left ventricular function in heart failure. N Engl J Med 303:1443–1448
Awan NA, Miller R, De Maria AN, Maxwell KS, Newmann A, Mason DT (1977) Efficacy of ambulatory systemic vasodilator therapy with oral Prazosin in chronic refractory heart failure. Circulation 56: 346–354
Bourdillon PDV, Dawson JR, Foale RA, Timmis AD, Poole-Wilson PS, Sutton GC (1980) Salbutamol in treatment of heart failure. Br Heart J 43: 206–210
Chatterjee K, Parmley WW, Massie B et al. (1976) Oral hydralazine therapy for chronic refractory heart failure, Circulation 54: 879–883
Chatterjee K, Massie B, Rubin S et al. (1978) Long-term outpatient vasodilation therapy of congestive heart failure: consideration of agents at rest and during exercise. Am J Med 65: 134–145
Cohn JN, Franciosa JA (1977) Vasodilator therapy of cardiac failure. N Engl J Med 297:27–31; 254–258
Davis JO, Freeman RH (1976) Mechanisms regulating renin release. Physiol Review 56: 1–56
Dikshit K, Vyden JK, Forrester JS, Chatterjee K, Prakash R, Swan HJC (1973) Renal and extrarenal haemodynamic effects of furosemide in congestive heart failure after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 288: 1087–1090
Erdmann E, Brown L (1983) The cardiac glycoside-receptor system in the human heart. Eur Heart J 4 (Supple A): 61–65
Fabiato A, Fabiato F (1979) Calcium and cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Ann Rev Physiol 41: 473–484
Firth BG, Delmar CJ, Corbett JR, Lewis SE, Parkey RW, Willerson JT (1980) Effect of chronic oral digoxin therapy on ventricular function at rest and peak exercise in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Am J Cardiol 46: 481–490
Hillis WS, Been M (1982) Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, haemodynamic effects related to the treatment of cardiac failure. Eur Heart J 3: 97–103
Hutton I, Murray RG, Boyes RN, Rae AP, Hillis WS (1980) Haemodynamic effects of prenalterol in patients with coronary heart disease Br Heart J 43: 134–137
Katz AM, Smith VE (1982) Regulation of myocardial function in the normal and diseased heart: modification by inotropic drugs. Eur Heart J 3 (Suppl): 11–19
Klainer LM, Gibson TC, White KL (1965) The epidemiology of cardiac failure. J Chron Dis 18: 797–814
Kleimann JH, Ingels NB, Daughters G, Stinson EB, Alderman EL, Goldmann RH (1978) Left ventricular dynamics during long-term digoxin treatment in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 41: 937–943
Klein W, Brandt D, Maurer E (1981) Haemodynamic assessment of prenalterol: a cardioselective beta-agonist in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Clin Cardiol 94: 325–329
Lal S, Murtagh JG, Pollock AM, Fletcher E, Binnion PF (1969) Acute haemodynamic effects of frusemide in patients with normal and raised left atrial pressure. Br Heart J 31: 711–717
Levine TB, Franciosa JA, Cohn JN (1980) Acute and long-term response to an oral converting enzyme inhibitor Captopril, in congestive heart failure. Circulation 62: 35–41
Malliani A (1982) Cardiovascular sympathetic afferent fibres. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 94: 11–74
Mason DT (1967) Control of peripheral circulation in health and disease. Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis 36: 25–28
Massie B, Ports T, Chatterjee K (1981) Long-term vasodilator therapy for heart failure: clinical response and its relationship to haemodynamic measurements. Circulation 63: 269–278
Mathey D (1980) Hydralazine in chronic left heart failure. Cardiology 65: 55–57
Miller RR, Williams DO, Mason DT (1976a) Pharmacological mechanisms for LV unloading in clinical congestive heart failure: differential effects of nitroprusside, phentolamine and nitroglycerin on cardiac function and peripheral circulation. Circ Res 39: 127–133
Miller RR, Vismara LA, Williams DO, Amsterdam EA, Mason DT (1976b) Pharmacological mechanisms for left ventricular unloading in clinical congestive heart failure. Circ Res 39:127-133
Mills CJ, Cabe IJ, Mason DT (1970) Pressure flow relationships and vascular impedance in man. Cardio vase Res 4: 405–417
Nellis SH, Flaim SF, McCauley K, Zelis R (1980) Alpha-stimulation protects exercise increment in skeletal muscle oxygen consumption. Am J Physiol 238: 331–339
Nelson GIC, Silke B, Ahuja RC, Taylor SH (1982a) Arterial dilatation or venodilatation following frusemide in acute heart failure following myocardial infarction. Clin Sci 63: 3P
Nelson GIC, Silke B, Barker MCJ, Saxton CAPD, Taylor SH (1982b) A new beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist (pirbuterol) in the treatment of ischaemic heart failure. Eur Heart J 3: 238–245
Nicholls MG, Espiner EA, Donald RA, Hughes H (1974) Aldosterone and its regulation during diuresis in patients with gross congestive heart failure. Clin Sci Mol Med 47: 301–315
O’Rourke RA, Hening H, Theroux P, Crawford MH, Ross J Jr (1976) Favourable effect of orally adminstered digoxin on left heart size and ventricular wall motion in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 37: 708–716
Packer M, Meller J, Gorlin R, Herman MV (1979) Haemodynamic and clinical tachyphylaxis to prazosin mediated afterload reduction in severe chronic congestive heart failure. Circulation 59: 531–539
Scholz H (1983) Pharmacological actions of various inotropic drugs Eur Heart J 4: 161–173
Sharpe DN, Douglas JE, Coxon RJ, Long B (1980) Low dose Captopril in chronic heart failure: acute haemodynamic effects and long-term treatment. Lancet II: 1154–1157
Silke B, Hendry WG, Taylor SH (1981) Immediate and sustained haemodynamic effects of prazosin during upright exercise in man. Br Heart J 46: 663–670
Skou JC (1957) The influence of some cations on an adenosine triphosphate from peripheral nerves. Biochem Biophys Acta 23: 349–401
Sonnenblick EH, Le Jemtel TH (1982) Newer inotropic agents in congestive heart failure. In: Braunwald E, Mokk MB, Watson J (eds) Congestive heart failure, current research and clinical applications. Grune-Stratton, New York, pp 291–302
Sonnenblick EH, Spiro D, Spotnitz HM (1964) Ultrastructural basis of Starling’s law of the heart; role of sarcomere in determining ventricular size and stroke volume. Am Heart J 68: 336–346
Spann JF, Buccino RA, Sonnenblick EA (1967) Contractile state of cardiac muscle obtained from cats with experimentally produced ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. Circ Res 21: 341–354
Taylor SA, Silke B, Nelson GK (1982) Principles of treatment of left ventricular failure. Eur Heart J 3: 19–43
Watkins L Jr, Burton JA, Cant JR, Smith FW, Barger AC (1976) The renin angiotensin aldosterone system in congestive failure in conscious dogs. J Clin Invest 57: 1606–1617
Wikman-Coffelt J, Parmley WW, Mason DT (1979) The cardiac hypertrophy process: analysis of factors determining pathological v physiological development. Circ Res 45: 697–707
Zelis R, Mason DT, Braunwald E (1968) A comparison of the effects of vasodilator stimuli on peripheral resistance vessels in normal subjects and in patients with congestive heart failure. J Clin Invest 47: 960–970
Zelis R, Delea CS, Comeman et al. (1970) Arterial sodium content in experimental congestive heart failure. Circulation 41: 213–216
Zelis R, Flaim SF (1982) Alterations in vasomotor tone in congestive heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 24: 437–459
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lorimer, A.R., Hillis, W.S. (1985). Cardiac Failure. In: Cardiovascular Disease. Treatment in Clinical Medicine. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3120-5_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3120-5_9
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-15426-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3120-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive