Skip to main content

Defibrinating Agents

  • Conference paper

Abstract

Two defibrinating agents are currently commercially available for use in the management of certain vascular diseases: both are proteolytic enzymes purified from snake venoms. Ancrod (Arvin) is derived from the venom of Agkistrodon rhodostoma, while batroxobin (Defibrase) is derived from Bothrops atrox: these two snakes are pit vipers from Southeast Asia and from Central-South America, respectively. A detailed review of the pharmacology of these agents has been made by Stocker (1978).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Barrie W W, Schenk W G (1976) Improvement in blood flow through a critical arterial stenosis by defibrination with ancrod. Arch Surg 111: 561–563

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrie W W, Wood E H, Crumlish P, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M (1974) Low-dosage ancrod for prevention of thrombotic complications after surgery for fractured neck of femur. Br Med J 2: 130–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blättler W, Straub P W, Peyer A (1974) Effect of in vivo produced fibrinogen-fibrin intermediates on viscosity of human blood. Thromb Res 4: 787–801

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bohme H (1978) Defibrination in the therapy of disorders of arterial blood flow. ZFA (Stuttgart) 54: 1645–1653

    Google Scholar 

  • Clauss A (1957) Gerinnungsphysiologische Schnellmethode zur Bestimmung des Fibrinogens. Acta Haematol 17: 237–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clayton J K, Anderson J A, McNicol G P (1976) Pre-operative prediction of post-operative deep vein thrombosis. Br Med J 2: 910–912

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collen D, Verstraete M (1978) Activation of the fibrinolytic system during reptilase therapy and following strenuous exercise in man. In: Davidson J F, Rowan R M, Samama M M, Desnoyers P C (eds). Progress in chemical fibrinolysis and thrombolysis, Vol. 3. Raven Press, New York, pp 155–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies J A, Merrick M V, Sharp A A, Holt J M (1972) Controlled trial of ancrod and heparin in treatment of deep vein thrombosis of lower limb. Lancet is 113–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Donati M B, Poggi A, Mussoni L, Kornblihtt L, de Gaetano G, Garattini S (1977) Effect of warfarin, warfarin enantiomers and defibrase on Lewis lung carcinoma metastasis growth. Thromb Haemostas 38: 158

    Google Scholar 

  • Dormandy J A, Edelman J B (1973) High blood viscosity: an aetiological factor in venous thrombosis. Br J Surg 60: 187–190

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dormandy J A, Reid H L (1978) Controlled defibrination in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. Angiology 29: 80–88

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dormandy J A, Goyle K B, Reid H L (1977) Treatment of severe intermittent claudication by controlled defibrination. Lancet i: 625–626

    Google Scholar 

  • Egberg N, Johnsson H (1972) Platelet aggregation induced by ADP and thrombin in reptilase defibrinated dogs. Thromb Res i: 95–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehringer H, Dudczak R, Lechner K (1974) A new approach in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusions: defibrination with arvin. Angiology 25: 279–289

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ehrly A M (1972) Influence of arvin on the flow properties of blood. Biorheology: 9: 151

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrly A M, Schroeder W (1977) Oxygen pressure in ischaemic muscle tissue of patients with chronic occlusive arterial diseases. Angiology 28: 101–108

    Google Scholar 

  • European Collaborative Study Group for Streptokinase Treatment in Acute Myocardial Infarction (1979) Streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 301: 797–802

    Google Scholar 

  • Forbes C D, Barbenel J, Prentice C R M (1976) Treatment of thrombosis by sequential therapy with ancrod followed by streptokinase: clinical pharmacology and rheology. Haemostas 5.• 348–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber R, Safer A (1978) Retrospective follow-up study on the duration of the therapeutic effect of arvin therapy in chronic arterial occlusive diseases. Folia angiol 26: 22–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Griguer P, Dusson P, Brochier M (1979) Biological findings during sequential thrombolytic treatments with defibrase, lys-plasminogen and urokinase. Thromb Haemostas 42: 281

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphreys W V, Walker A, Charlesworth D (1977) A report on the use of arvin in patients with pregangrene of the lower limb. Br J Surg 64: 31–33

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ishimaru S, Hirayama T, Furakawa K, Takahashi M (1979) Antithrombotic effect of defibrinogenating enzyme on experimental small caliber vein replacement using expanded PTFE graft. Thromb Haemostas 42: 231

    Google Scholar 

  • Kakkar V V, Flanc C, Howe C T, O’Shea M, Flute P T (1969) Treatment of deep vein thrombosis. A trial of heparin, streptokinase and Arvin. Br Med J 1: 806–810

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwaan H C, Grumet G N (1975) The place of thrombolytic and defibrinating agents in the treatment of venous thromboembolism. In: Nicolaides A N (ed). Thromboembolism. Medical and Technical Publishing, Lancaster, pp 251–267

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe G D O, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M (1977) Multiple course of ancrod (Arvin) therapy. Br Med J 1: 508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe G D O, Morrice J J, Fulton A, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M, Barbenel J C (1978a) Subcutaneous ancrod after operation for fractured hip — a dose-ranging and feasibility study. Thromb Haemostas 40: 134–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe G D O, Campbell A F, Meek D R, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M, Cummings S (1978b) Subcutaneous ancrod in prevention of deep vein thrombosis after operation for fractured neck or femur. Lancet ii: 698–700

    Google Scholar 

  • Lowe G D O, Reavey M M, Johnston R V, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M (1979a) Increased platelet aggregates in vascular and non-vascular illness: correlation with plasma fibrinogen and effect of ancrod. Thromb Res 14: 377–386

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe G D O, Morrice J J, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M, Fulton A J, Barbenel J C (1979b) Subcutaneous ancrod therapy in peripheral arterial disease: improvement in blood viscosity and nutritional blood flow. Angiology 30: 594–599

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lowe G D O, Morrice J J, Forbes C D, Prentice C R M, Fulton A J, Barbenel J C (1979b) Subcutaneous ancrod therapy in peripheral arterial disease: improvement in blood viscosity and nutritional blood flow. Angiology 30: 594–599

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McEwan A J, Stalker C G, Ledingham I M (1970) Foot skin ischaemia in atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease. Br Med J 3: 612–615

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martin M, Hirdes E, Auel H (1976) Defibrinogenation treatment in patients suffering from severe intermittent claudication — a controlled study. Thromb Res 9: 47–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meissner J A, Karpowicz M, Konopka L, Lopaciuk S (1978) Changes in the muscle rest blood flow associated with therapeutic defibrinogenation. Abstracts of 17th Congress of International Society of Haematology, Paris, p 326

    Google Scholar 

  • Naish P F, Peters D K (1974) Mediators of intraglomerular fibrin deposition in nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Clin Sci Mol Med 46: 16

    Google Scholar 

  • Prentice C R M, Hassanein A A, Turpie A G G, McNicol G P, Douglas A S (1969) Changes in platelet behaviour during arvin therapy. Lancet is 644–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Rampling M, Sirs J A (1972) The interactions of fibrinogen and dextrans with erythrocytes. J Physiol 223: 199–212

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reid H A, Chan K E, Thean P C (1963) Prolonged coagulation defect (defibrination syndrome) in Malayan viper bite. Lancet is 621–626

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid-Schönbein H, Wells R, Schildkraut R (1969) Microscopy and viscometry of blood under uniform shear rate (rheoscopy). J Appl Physiol 26: 674–678

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid-Schönbein H, Weiss J, Volger E, Klose H J, Malotta H (1978) Microhaemorheology and defibrination. ZFA (Stuttgart) 54: 1635–1643

    Google Scholar 

  • Spottl F von, Pimmingstorfen E, Froschauer J (1978) Therapeutic defibrination by Arvin in unstable angina pectoris combined with hyperfibrinogenaemia. Wein Klin Wochenschr 22: 792–796

    Google Scholar 

  • Stocker K (1978) Defibrinogenation with thrombin-like snake venom enzymes. In: Markwardt F (ed). Fibrinolytics and anti-fibrinolytics. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 451–484

    Google Scholar 

  • Strandness D E, Sumner D S (1975) Haemodynamics for surgeons. Grune and Stratton, New York pp 290–341

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibbutt D A, Williams E W, Walker M N, Chesterman C N, Holt J M, Sharp A A (1974) Controlled trial of ancrod and streptokinase in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb. Br J Haematol 27: 407–414

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tonnesen K H, Sager P, Gormsen J (1978) Treatment of severe foot ischaemia by defibrination with ancrod: a randomised blind study. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 38: 431–435

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Turpie A G G, McNicol G P, Douglas A S (1972) Platelet electrophoresis: effect of defibrination by ancrod (Arvin). Cardiovasc Res 6: 101–108

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vinazzer H (1975) Clinical experience with Arvin. Folia Angiol 23: 402–406

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf G K (1976) Arvin in peripheral arterial circulatory disorders: controlled multicentre trials. Europ J Clin Pharmacol 9: 387–392

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 Spring-Verlag Berling Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lowe, G.D.O., Forbes, C.D., Prentice, C.R.M. (1981). Defibrinating Agents. In: Lowe, G.D.O., Barbenel, J.C., Forbes, C.D. (eds) Clinical Aspects of Blood Viscosity and Cell Deformability. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3105-2_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3105-2_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-3107-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-3105-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics