Abstract
All programs have common features and abstractions which are used to create birthmarks. Features can be divided into syntactic and semantic groups. Syntactic features concern themselves with program structure and program form. Semantic features examine the meaning of the program. In this chapter we examine those syntactic and semantic features of programs. Syntactic Features include: (1) Raw Code, (2) Abstract Syntax Trees, (3) Variables, (4) Pointers, (5) Instructions, (6) Basic Blocks, (7) Procedures, (8) Control Flow Graphs, (9) Call Graphs, and (10) Object Inheritances and Dependencies. Semantic features include: (1) API Calls, (2) Data Flow, (3) Procedure Dependence Graphs, and (4) System Dependence Graphs.
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Cesare, S., Xiang, Y. (2012). Taxonomy of Program Features. In: Software Similarity and Classification. SpringerBriefs in Computer Science. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2909-7_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2909-7_2
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