Abstract
A number of patient historical risk factors can influence the development of superficial venous disease. Among those considered to be of fairly certain significance are: family history, age, pregnancy, and female gender [1]. Other factors of probable significance are: occupation requiring prolonged standing, obesity, physical activity involving heavy straining (exaggerated Valsalva’s maneuver), sedentary occupation and/or lifestyle, neuromuscular disorder causing foot/calf muscle pump impairment, history of leg trauma, history of deep vein thrombosis, and connective tissue laxity [2, 3].
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Khilnani, N.M., Morrison, N. (2013). Clinical Evaluation of Patients with Chronic Lower Extremity Venous Disorder. In: Sadick, N., Khilnani, N., Morrison, N. (eds) Practical Approach to the Management and Treatment of Venous Disorders. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2891-5_5
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