Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Congenital Testis Pathology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Atlas on the Human Testis

  • 2887 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter groups several lesions that either are present at birth and clinically evident in the newborn or develop later in life. The lesions present in newborns are cystic dysplasia of the rete testis, fetal gonadoblastoid testicular dysplasia (FGTD), ectopic testicular parenchyma, adrenal cortical tissue ectopia, splenic ectopia, and microlithiasis. Other lesions become clinically evident later in life as a consequence of a primary pathology in the adrenal glands, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Leissring JC, Oppenheimer ROF. Cystic dysplasia of the testis: a unique congenital anomaly studied by microdissection. J Urol. 1973;110:362–3.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Nistal M, Regadera J, Paniagua R. Cystic dysplasia of the testis: light and electron microscopic study of three cases. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1984;108:579–83.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Jeyaratnam R, Bakalinova D. Cystic dysplasia of the rete testis: a case of spontaneous regression and review of published reports. Urology. 2010;7:687–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Robson WL, Thomason MA, Minette LJ. Cystic dysplasia of the testis associated with multicystic dysplasia of the kidney. Urology. 1998;51:477–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Glantz L, Hansen K, Caldamone A, Madeiros LJ. Cystic dysplasia of the testis. Hum Pathol. 1993;24:1142–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. McGee SM, Hutcheson JC, Vandersteen DR, Reinberg Y, Wolpert JJ. Cystic dysplasia of testis associated with ectopic ureter causing chronic orchialgia. Urology. 2009;73(1423):e7–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Noh PH, Cooper CS, Snyder 3rd HM. Conservative management of cystic dysplasia of the testis. J Urol. 1999;162:2145.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Butler M, Servaes S, Bellah R. Cystic dysplasia of the testis: spontaneous regression. Pediatr Radiol. 2011;41:1346–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Nistal M, González-Peramato P, Sousa G, García-Cabezas MA, Rodríguez JI, Cajaiba MM. Cystic dysplasia of the epididymis: a disorder of mesonephric differentiation associated with renal maldevelopment. Virchows Arch. 2010;456:695–702.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Nistal M, Rodríguez JI, García-Fernández E, Cajaiba MM, Reyes-Múgica M. Fetal gonadoblastoid testicular dysplasia: a focal failure of testicular development. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2007;10:274–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hung NA, Silver MM, Chitayat D, Provias J, Toi A, Jay V, Becker LE. Gonadoblastoid testicular dysplasia in Walker-Warburg syndrome. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 1998;1:393–404.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Weinberg AG. Walker-Warburg syndrome. Pediatr Pathol. 1989;9:749–55.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Nistal M, Paniagua R, Leon L, Regadera J. Ectopic seminiferous tubules in the tunica albuginea of normal and dysgenetic testes. Appl Pathol. 1985;3:123–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Cajaiba MM, García-Fernández E, Reyes-Múgica M, Nistal M. The spectrum of persistence of testicular blastema and ectopic testicular parenchyma: a possible result of focal delay in gonadal development. Virchows Arch. 2007;451:89–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Ventura L, Leocata P, Hind A, Greco L, Ventura T. Ectopic adrenal tissue in the spermatic cord. Case report and review of the literature. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 1998;70:15–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Dahl EV, Bahn RC. Aberrant adrenal cortical tissue near the testis in human infants. Am J Pathol. 1962;40:587–98.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Ketata S, Ketata H, Sahnoun A, FakhFakh H, Bahloul A, Mhiri MN. Ectopic adrenal cortex tissue: an incidental finding during inguinoscrotal operations in pediatric patients. Urol Int. 2008;81:316–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Rose EK, Enterline HT, Rhoads JE, Rose E. Adrenal cortical hyperfunction in childhood. Report of a case with adrenocortical hyperplasia and testicular adrenal rests. Pediatrics. 1952;9:475–84.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Nistal M, Paniagua R. Congenital anomalies of the testis and the epididymis. In: Testicular and epididymal pathology. New York: Thieme Stratton; 1984. p. 74–5.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Petrik PK. Spleen in the scrotum. Am J Surg Pathol. 1988;12:414–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Karaman MI, Gonzales Jr ET. Splenogonadal fusion: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. J Urol. 1996;155:309–11.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Alivizatos G, Skolarikos A, Sopilidis O, Ferakis N, Chorti M. Splenogonadal fusion: report of a case and review of the literature. Int J Urol. 2005;12:90–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Patafio FM, Dufton JA, Walker DR. Case of the month #173: splenogonadal fusion. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2011;62:302–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Shen XC, Du CJ, Chen JM, Zhang ZW, Qiu YQ. Splenogonadal fusion. Chin Med J. 2008;121:383–4.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Cortes D, Thorup JM, Visfeldt J. The pathogenesis of cryptorchidism and splenogonadal fusion: a new hypothesis. Br J Urol. 1996;77:285–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Unuvar T, Demir K, Abaci A, Atas A, Cakmakci H, Bober E. A 2-year-old boy with a testicular mass. Diagnosis: testicular tumor of adrenogenital syndrome due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Pediatr Ann. 2010;39:471–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Paner GP, Kristiansen G, McKenney JK, Amin MB. Rete testis-associated nodular steroid cell nests: description of putative pluripotential testicular hilus steroid cells. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35:505–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Wang Z, Yang S, Shi H, Du H, Xue L, Wang L, et al. Histopathological and immunophenotypic features of testicular tumour of the adrenogenital syndrome. Histopathology. 2011;58:1013–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Cutfield RG, Bateman JM, Odell WD. Infertility caused by bilateral testicular masses secondary to congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency). Fertil Steril. 1983;40:809–14.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Nistal M, Paniagua R, Diez-Pardo JA. Testicular microlithiasis in 2 children with bilateral cryptorchidism. J Urol. 1979;121:535–7.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Vachon L, Fareau GE, Wilson MG, Chan LS. Testicular microlithiasis in patients with Down syndrome. J Pediatr. 2006;149:233–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Rajbabu K, Morel JC, Thompson PM, Sidhu PS. Multi-cystic (rete testis) supernumerary testis in polyorchidism with underlying microlithiasis: ultrasound features. Australas Radiol. 2007;51(Spec):B56–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Poyrazoglu S, Saka N, Agayev A, Yekeler E. Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and its association with testicular adrenal rest tumors. Horm Res Paediatr. 2010;73:443–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Wasniewska M, Raiola G, Teresa A, Galati MC, Zirilli G, Catena MA, et al. Gynecomastia disclosing diagnosis of Leydig cell tumour in a man with thalassemia, secondary hypogonadism and testis microlithiasis. Acta Biomed. 2009;80:286–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Ikinger U, Wuster K, Terwey B, Mohring K. Microcalcifications in testicular malignancy: diagnostic tool in occult tumor? Urology. 1982;19:525–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Wegner HE, Hubotter A, Andresen R, Miller K. Testicular microlithiasis and concomitant testicular intraepithelial neoplasia. Int Urol Nephrol. 1998;30:313–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hoei-Hansen CE, Sommer P, Meyts ER, Skakkebaek NE. A rare diagnosis: testicular dysgenesis with carcinoma in situ detected in a patient with ultrasonic microlithiasis. Asian J Androl. 2005;74:445–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Mazzilli F, Delfino M, Imbrogno N, Elia J, Spinosa V, Di Nardo R. Seminal profile of subjects with testicular microlithiasis and testicular calcifications. Fertil Steril. 2005;84:243–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nistal M, Martinez-Garcia C, Paniagua R. The origin of testicular microliths. Int J Androl. 1995;18:221–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Silveri M, Bassani F, Colajacomo M, Orazi C, Adorisio O. Management and follow-up of pediatric asymptomatic testicular microlithiasis: are we doing it well? Urol J. 2011;8(4):287–90.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tan MH, Eng C. Testicular microlithiasis: recent advances in understanding and management. Nat Rev Urol. 2011;8:153–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Nistal M.D., Ph.D. & Pilar González-Peramato M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Neuroscience, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Manuel Nistal M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Department of Pathology, University Autonoma of Madrid, Madrid, Spain

    Pilar González-Peramato M.D., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Manuel Nistal M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pilar González-Peramato M.D., Ph.D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manuel Nistal M.D., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Department of Histology and Embryology, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, Zagreb, HR-10000, Croatia

    Davor Ježek

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Nistal, M., González-Peramato, P. (2013). Congenital Testis Pathology. In: Ježek, D. (eds) Atlas on the Human Testis. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2763-5_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2763-5_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2762-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2763-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation