Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Event-Based PID Control

  • Chapter
PID Control in the Third Millennium

Part of the book series: Advances in Industrial Control ((AIC))

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of event-based PID control. For an event-based controller, it is the occurrence of an event instead of the autonomous progression of the time that decides when the control action should be updated. After reviewing the basic concepts of event-based control, a general classification of event-based control systems is established in order to give a reference framework. The main part of the chapter is dedicated to presenting a comprehensive survey of the different methods proposed in the literature for event based PID control. The chapter concludes with some comments on some research directions and open problems to guide future studies.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Årzén, K.E.: A simple event-based PID controller. In: Proc. of the 14th World Congress of IFAC, Beijing, China (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Åström, K.J.: Event based control. In: Astolfi, A., Marconi, L. (eds.) Analysis and Design of Nonlinear Control Systems: In Honor of Alberto Isidori. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Åstrom, K.J., Bernhardsson, B.M.: Comparison of Riemann and Lebesgue sampling for first order stochastic systems. In: Proc. of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Las Vegas, NV, USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Åström, K.J., Hägglund, T.: Advanced PID Control. ISA Press, Research Triangle Park (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cervin, A., Åström, K.J.: On limit cycles in event-based control systems. In: Proc. of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC’07), New Orleans, LA, USA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cervin, A., Henningsson, T.: Scheduling of event-triggered controllers on a shared network. In: Proc. of the 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Cancun, Mexico (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Chacón, J., Sánchez, J., Dormido, S.: Experimental study of a pure event-based PI controller in a wireless control system. In: Proc. of the 9th Portuguese Conference on Automatic Control (CONTROLO’2010), Coimbra, Portugal (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dorf, R.C., Lember, M.C., Phillips, C.A.: Adaptive sampling frequency for sampled data control systems. IRE Trans. Autom. Control 7(1), 38–47 (1962)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Durand, S., Marchand, N.: An event-based PID controller with low computational cost. In: Proc. of the 8th International Conference on Sampling Theory and Applications (SampTA’09), Special Session on Sampling and Industrial Applications, Marseille, France (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Durand, S., Marchand, N.: Further results on event-based PID controller. In: Proc. 10th European Control Conference (ECC’09), Budapest, Hungary (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gupta, S.: Increasing the sampling efficiency for a control system. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 8(3), 263–264 (1963)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Heemels, W.P.M.H., Sandee, J.H., van den Bosch, P.P.J.: Analysis of event-driven controllers for linear systems. Int. J. Control 81(4), 571–590 (2008)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Henningsson, T., Cervin, A.: Comparison of LTI and event-based control for a moving cart with quantized position measurements. In: Proc. of the 10th European Control Conference (ECC’09), Budapest, Hungary (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Henningsson, T., Johannesson, E., Cervin, A.: Sporadic event-based control of first-order linear stochastic systems. Automatica 44(11), 2890–2895 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Hsia, T.: Analytic design of adaptive sampling control law in sampled-data systems. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 19(1), 39–42 (1974)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Kofman, E., Braslavsky, J.: Level crossing sampling in feedback stabilization under data rate constraints. In: Proc. 45th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control, San Diego, CA, USA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lehmann, D., Lunze, J.: Extension and experimental evaluation of an event-based state-feedback approach. Control Eng. Pract. 19(2), 101–112 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lunze, J., Lehmann, D.: A state-feedback approach to event-based control. Automatica 46(1), 211–215 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Marchand, N.: Stabilization of Lebesgue sampled systems with bounded controls: the chain of integrators case. In: Proc. of the 17th World Congress of IFAC, Seoul, Korea (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Miskowicz, M.: Sampling of signals in energy domain. In: Proc. of the 10th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (EFTA’05), Catania, Italy (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Miskowicz, M.: Send-on-delta: An event-based data reporting strategy. Sensors 6, 49–63 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Miskowicz, M.: Efficiency of level-crossing sampling for bandlimited Gaussian random processes. In: Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS’06), Torino, Italy (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Miskowicz, M.: Asymptotic effectiveness of the event-based sampling according to the integral criterion. Sensors 7(1), 16–37 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mitchell, J.R., McDaniel, W.L. Jr: Adaptive sampling technique. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control Ac-11, 200–201 (1969)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Otanez, P., Moyne, J., Tilbury, D.: Using deadbands to reduce communication in networked control systems. In: Proc. of the American Control Conference (ACC’2002), Anchorage, USA (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Pawlowski, A., Guzmán, J.L., Rodríguez, F., Berenguel, M., Sánchez, J., Dormido, S.: Event-based control and wireless sensor network for greenhouse diurnal temperature control: A simulated case study. In: Proc. of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (EFTA-2008), Hamburg, Germany (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rabi, M., Baras, J.S.: Level-triggered control of a scalar linear system. In: Proc. of the 15th IEEE Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, Athens, Greece (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rabi, M., Johansson, K.H.: Event-triggered strategies for industrial control over wireless networks. In: Proc. of the 4th Annual International Conference on Wireless Internet, Maui, Hawaii, USA (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Rabi, M., Johansson, K.H.: Scheduling packets for event-triggered control. In: Proc. of the 10th European Control Conference (ECC’09), Budapest, Hungary (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sánchez, J., Guarnes, M.A., Dormido, S., Visioli, A.: Comparative study of event-based control strategies: An experimental approach on a simple tank. In: Proc. of the 10th European Control Conference (ECC’09), Budapest, Hungary (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sánchez, J., Visioli, A., Dormido, S.: A two-degree-of-freedom PI controller based on events. J. Process Control (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jprocont.2010.12.001

    Google Scholar 

  32. Sandee, J.H., Heemels, W., van denBosch, P.P.J.: Event-driven control as an opportunity in the multidisciplinary development of embedded controllers. In: Proc. of the 24th IEEE American Control Conference, Portland, Oregon, USA (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Smith, M. Jr.: An evaluation of adaptive sampling. IEEE Trans. Autom. Control 16(3), 282–284 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Vasyutynskyy, V., Kabitzsch, K.: Implementation of PID controller with send-on-delta sampling. In: Proc. of the International Conference Control (ICC’2006), Glasgow, Scotland (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Vasyutynskyy, V., Kabitzsch, K.: Simple PID control algorithm adapted to deadband sampling. In: Proc. of the 12th IEEE Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Patras, Greece (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Vasyutynskyy, V., Kabitzsch, K.: First order observers in event-based PID controllers. In: Proc. of the 14th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA’2009), Mallorca, Spain (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Vasyutynskyy, V., Kabitzsch, K.: Event-based control: overview and generic model. In: Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS’2010), Nancy, France (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Vasyuntynskyy, V., Miskowicz, M.: Towards comparison of deadband sampling types. In: Proc. of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE 2007), Vigo, Spain (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Vasyutynskyy, V., Luntovskyy, A., Kabitzsch, K.: Limit cycles in PI control loops with absolute deadband sampling. In: Proc. of the 18th IEEE International Conference on Microwave & Telecommunication Technology (CRIMICO’2008), Sevastopol, Ukraine (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Visioli, A.: Practical PID Control. Springer, London (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work has been supported by the Spanish CICYT under grant DPI2007-61068 by the IV PRICIT (Plan Regional de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Comunidad de Madrid, 2005–2009) under grant S-0505/DPI/0391, and by funds from the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research (MIUR).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Informática y Automática, UNED, C/ Juan del Rosal 16, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    José Sánchez & Sebastián Dormido

  2. Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25213, Brescia, Italy

    Antonio Visioli

Authors
  1. José Sánchez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Antonio Visioli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sebastián Dormido
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to José Sánchez .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept of Telecommunic. & Systems Engin., School of Engineering, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain

    Ramon Vilanova

  2. Facoltà di Ingegneria, Dipto. Elettronica per l'Automazione, Università Brescia, Via Branze 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy

    Antonio Visioli

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sánchez, J., Visioli, A., Dormido, S. (2012). Event-Based PID Control. In: Vilanova, R., Visioli, A. (eds) PID Control in the Third Millennium. Advances in Industrial Control. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2425-2_16

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2425-2_16

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2424-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2425-2

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation