Abstract
Squamous carcinomas of the head and neck (a grouping which includes tongue and mouth, nasopharynx, and larynx) are associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol ingestion (although the risk factors for different sites may differ). In addition, infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with cancers of the oropharynx (D’Souza et al. 2007). Specific head and neck cancers may be associated with familial cancer syndromes such as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer syndrome and Li–Fraumeni syndrome (larynx) and Fanconi anemia (oral cancer). Foulkes et al. (1996) reported a relative risk of 3.7 for developing head and neck cancer in first-degree relatives of an affected case, but the relative risk was almost 8 if the index case had multiple primaries.
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Hodgson, S.V., Foulkes, W.D., Eng, C., Maher, E.R. (2014). Cardiorespiratory System and Thorax. In: A Practical Guide to Human Cancer Genetics. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2375-0_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2375-0_3
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