Abstract
Energy has far reaching impact in everyday life, industrial development, and understanding the various processes and natural phenomena. Energy is the capacity to do work. Total energy is the sum of all forms of the energy a system possesses. In the absence of magnetic, electrical, and surface tension effects, the total energy of a system consists of the kinetic, potential, and internal energies. This chapter discusses the concept of energy and the primary and secondary types of energies. Primary energy is extracted or captured directly from the environment, while the secondary energy is converted from the primary energy in the form of electricity or fuel. Primary energies are nonrenewable energy (fossil fuels), renewable energy, and waste. Nonrenewable energy resources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, and nuclear, while renewable energy resources are solar, bioenergy, wind, and geothermal. Energy density and the impact of fossil fuels on the global warming are also discussed briefly. There are nine solved examples within the text and 56 practice problems at end of the chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
AWEA (2006) U.S. Wind industry ends most productive year, sustained growth expected for at least next two years. American Wind Energy Association in http://www.awea.org
Behzadi S, Farid MM (2007) Review: examining the use of different feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Asia-Pac J Chem Eng 2:480–486
Belyaev LS, Marchenko OV, Filippov SP, Solomin SV, Stepanova TB, Kokorin AL (2002) World energy and transition to sustainable development. Kluwer, Boston
Blair N, Short W, Mehos M, Heimiller D (2006) Concentrating solar deployment systems (CSDS)—A new model for estimating U.S. concentrating solar power market potentialpotential. ASES Solar conference, 8–13 July 2006
Bodansky D (2004) Nuclear energy: principles practices and prospects. Springer, Oxford
Bolinger M, Wiser R (2005) Balancing cost and risk: the treatment of renewable energy in western utility resource plans, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California. http://eetd.lbl.gov/EA/EMP/reports/58450.pdf
Capehart BL (2007) Encyclopedia of energy engineering and technology. CRC Press, Boca Raton
Çengel YA, Boles MA (2002) Thermodynamics an engineering approach. McGraw-Hill, New York
Demirbas A (2008) Biodiesel: a realistic fuel alternative for diesel engines. Springer, Berlin
Demirbas A (1997) Calculation of higher heating values of biomass fuels. Fuel 76:431–434
Denholm P, Margolis R (2006) Very large-scale deployment of grid-connected solar photovoltaicphotovoltaic in the United States: challenges and opportunities. ASES Solar conference, 8–13 July 2006
Davidson E, Janssens I (2006) Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. Nature 440:165
DOE/EIA (2010) International energy outlook. Report #:DOE/EIA-0484. http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/ieo/highlights.html. Accessed May 2011
EIA (2011) Renewable energy consumption and electricity preliminary statistics 2010, Release date: June 28, 2011. http://www.eia.gov/renewable/. Accessed July 2011
ETB (2011) Engineering Tool Box. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com. Accessed May 2011
Farrell A, Plevin R et al (2006) Ethanol can contribute to energy and environmental goals. Science 311:506–508
Gary JH, Handwerk GH (1994) Petroleum refining technology, 3rd edn. Marcel Dekker, New York
Gaur S, Reed T (1998) Thermal data for natural and synthetic fuels. Marcel Dekker, New York
Houghton RA (2005) The contemporary carbon cycle. In: Schlesinger WH (ed) Biogeochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Janzen HH (2004) Carbon cycling in earth systems -a soil science perspective. Agric Ecosys Environ 104:399–417
Jacobson MZ (2009) Review of solutions to global warming, air pollution, and energy security. Energy Environ Sci 2:148–173
Kaes GL (2000) Refinery process modeling. Kaes Enterprises, Colbert
Kalnes T, Marker T, Shonnard DR (2007) Green diesel: a second generation biofuel. Int J Chem Reactor Eng 5:1–9
Knothe G (2006) Dependence of biodiesel fuel properties on the structure of fatty acids alkyl esters. Fuel Process Technol 86:1059–1070
Kutscher CF (2007) (ed) Tackling climate change in the U.S., American Solar Energy Society. www.ases.org/climatechange. Accessed May 2011
Kydes AS, Kanudiab A, Loulouc R (2004) National energy modeling systems. In: Cleveland CJ (ed) The encyclopedia of energy. Elsevier, Oxford
Laursen JKr, Karavanov AN (2006) Processes for sulfur recovery, regeneration of spent acid, and reduction of nox emissions. Chem Petrol Eng 42:229–234
Marks DB (1999) Biochemistry, 3rd edn. Kluwer, Ney York
Metz B, Davidson O et al (2005) IPCC special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. Working Group III. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Milbrandt A (2005) A geographic perspective on the current biomass resource availability in the United States, NREL, Golden, Colorado. http://www.nrel.gov/learning
Mohr PJ, Taylor BN, Newell DB (2011) The 2010 CODATA Recommended values of the fundamental physical constants. This database was developed by Baker J, Douma M, Kotochigova S. http://physics.nist.gov/constants
NREL (2011) National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden Colorado. http://www.nrel.gov/learning. Accessed May 2011
Øvergaard S (2008) Issue paper: definition of primary and secondary energy. www.og.ssb.no. Accessed April 2011
Sheng C, Azevedo JLT (2005) Estimating the higher heating value of biomass fuels from basic analysis data. Biomass Bioenergy 28:499–507
Smoot LD, Smith PJ (1985) Coal combustion and gasification. Plenum Press, New York
Swisher J (2006) Tackling climate change in the U.S.: the potential contribution from energy efficiency, the ASES Solar National Conference, 8–13 July 2006
EP UN (2009) Towards sustainable production and use of resources: assessing biofuels. United Nations Environment Programme, Renewable Energy World
Vimeux F, Cuffey KM, Jouzel J (2002) New insights into southern hemisphere temperature changes from Vostok ice cores using deuterium excess correction. Earth Planet Sci Lett 203:829–843
Wiser R, Bolinger M (2010) DOE EERE, 2010 Wind technologies market report. http://www.osti.gov/bridge. Accessed July 2011
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Demirel, Y. (2012). Energy and Energy Types. In: Energy. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2372-9_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2372-9_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-2371-2
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-2372-9
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)