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General Pathology

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The Neuropathology of HIV Infection

Abstract

The affinity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for the CD4 receptor brings about severe depletion of T4 lymphocytes. As a consequence of the ensuing severe deficit in cell-mediated immunity, AIDS patients become extremely sensitive to infectious agents and may also develop certain neoplasms in fulminant forms previously uncommon or unknown. Most of the infections are by opportunist organisms which include viruses (predominantly cytomegalovirus, but also Herpes simplex and zoster), bacteria (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and sometimes M. tuberculosis), fungi (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans) and protozoa (Toxo-plasma gondii, Pneumocystis carinii). Autopsy studies have revealed that virtually every organ or system may be affected; in addition to opportunistic infection, the nervous system may also develop a unique form of encephalitis (see Chapter 6) as a direct effect of HIV. A characteristic feature of this infection is the coexistence in the same patient, indeed in the same organ, of lesions due to more than one agent.

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  1. J. N. Harcourt-Webster
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  1. Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK

    Francesco Scaravilli MD, PhD, FRCPath (Reader in Neuropathology) (Reader in Neuropathology)

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Harcourt-Webster, J.N. (1993). General Pathology. In: Scaravilli, F. (eds) The Neuropathology of HIV Infection. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1957-9_5

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