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Role of the Macrophage in HIV Encephalitis

  • Chapter
The Neuropathology of HIV Infection

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Abstract

AIDS has caused a resurgence of interest in the macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). The reason is that in the CNS HIV predominantly infects macrophages. This is in contrast to the lymphoreticular tissues, the other main site of attack, in which CD4 (helper) lymphocytes appear to be the main target of infection and damage, and macrophages and monocytes more subsidiary ones. In the CNS, macrophage infection is associated with pathological changes that, in some cases, can eventually become clinically overwhelming. Yet how these changes are brought about remains obscure. To understand the possible effects that macrophage infection with HIV may have on the rest of the CNS, we need to know what influences macrophages normally exert, and whether these break down or become pathologically altered when HIV infection occurs. Unfortunately, very little is known at present about normal functions of macrophages in the nervous system. Even the question of which cells in the nervous system belong to the macrophage lineage has long been, and to a lesser extent remains, a matter of controversy. The aims of this chapter are first to outline recent views on the microscopic anatomy, immunocytochemistry and function of macrophages in the CNS, and second to summarize the effect that HIV has on this cell population and the ways in which this may lead to CNS damage.

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Authors
  1. M. M. Esiri
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Neurology, The National Hospital, Queen Square, WC1N 3BG, London, UK

    Francesco Scaravilli MD, PhD, FRCPath (Reader in Neuropathology) (Reader in Neuropathology)

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© 1993 Springer-Verlag London Limited

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Esiri, M.M. (1993). Role of the Macrophage in HIV Encephalitis. In: Scaravilli, F. (eds) The Neuropathology of HIV Infection. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1957-9_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1957-9_11

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1959-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1957-9

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