Abstract
Few undertakings in medicine will reward the physician with greater satisfaction than the clinical examination of the cardiovascular system. A carefully elicited history combined with skilful observation of physical signs will often provide sufficient information to make a diagnosis, while the expeditious use of complementary invasive and non-invasive investigations provides for immediate confirmation or revision of this impression. Because effective medical or surgical treatment is available for most cardiac conditions, accurate diagnosis readily benefits the patient with appropriate therapy, and the physician can observe the results of treatment in a comparatively short period of time. In addition, there has been a recent trend to recommend surgery for many operable lesions without cardiac catheterisation. This again places great responsibility upon the surgeon to satisfy himself that the preoperative clinical diagnosis is both accurate and complete.
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Further Reading
Leatham A. An introduction to the examination of the cardiovascular system, 2nd edn. Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979
Physiologic principles of heart sounds and murmurs. American Heart Association monograph no. 46. American Heart Association, New York, 1975
Wood P. Diseases of the heart and circulation, 3rd edn. Eyre & Spottiswoode, London, 1968, pp 1–84
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© 1992 Springer-Verlag London Limited
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Ross, D.N., English, T.A.H., McKay, R. (1992). Clinical Aspects of Cardiac Diagnosis. In: Principles of Cardiac Diagnosis and Treatment. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1470-3_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1470-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1472-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1470-3
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