Abstract
The isotope bone scan, using technetium-99m (99mTc) diphosphonate, is essentially a visual display of skeletal function. 99mTc diphosphonate is adsorbed onto any metabolically active bone with an intact blood supply. Uptake of 99mTc diphosphonate is believed to be primarily related to new bone formation; however, as bone formation and resorption are coupled, this uptake reflects skeletal metabolism. Any increase in bone turnover, whether focal or diffuse, will result in an increase in 99mTc diphosphonate uptake. Thus measurement of this uptake by bone provides a sensitive and objective means of quantifying skeletal metabolism (Holmes 1978).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agnew JE, Pocock DG, Jewell DP (1982) Sacroiliac joint uptake ratios in inflammatory bowel disease: relationship to back pain and to activity of bowel disease. Br J Radiol 55: 821–826
Boudreau RJ, Lisbona R, Hadjipavlou A (1983) Observations on serial radionuclide blood-flow studies in Paget’s disease: concise communication. J Nucl Med 24: 880–885
Buell U (1981) Tc99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone imaging: optimum normal bone scan by optimum time delay ? J Nucl Med 22: 95–96
Buell U, Zorn-Bopp E, Reuschel W, Muenzing W, Moser EA, Seiderer M (1982) A comparison of bone imaging with Tc-99m DPD and Tc-99m MDP: concise communication. J Nucl Med 23: 214–217
Bull U, Pfeifer JP, Niendorf HP, Togendorff J (1977a) A computer assisted comparison of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate and 99mTc-pyrophosphate bone imaging. Br J Radiol 50: 629–636
Bull U, Schuster H, Pfeifer JP, Tongendorff J, Niendorf HP (1977b) Bone-to-bone, joint-to-bone and joint-to-joint ratios in normal and diseased skeletal states using region-of-interest technique and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Nuklearmedizin 16: 104–112
Cabarello-Carpena O, Pardo-Montaner J (1983) Contribution to the diagnosis of idiopathic femoral head necrosis by scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP assessed quantitatively by computer. Nuklearmedizin 22: 232–236
Caniggia A, Vattimo A (1980) Kinetics of 99m technetium-tinmethylene diphosphonate in normal subjects and pathological conditions: a simple index of bone metabolism. Calcif Tissue Int 30: 5–13
Citrin DL (1977) An evaluation of the in vivo properties of 99mTc-HEDP. Radiology 122: 255–258
Citrin DL, Bessent RG, Tuohy JB, Greig WR, Blumgart LH (1974) Quantitative bone scanning: a method for assessing response of bone metastases to treatment. Lancet 1: 1132–1133
Citrin DL, Bessent RG, McGinlay E, Gordon D (1975) Dynamic studies with 99mTc-HEDP in normal subjects and in patients with bone tumours. J Nucl Med 16: 886–890
Condon BR, Buchanan R, Garvie NW et al. (1981) Assessment of progression of secondary bone lesions following cancer of the breast or prostate using serial radionuclide imaging. Br J Radiol 54: 18–23
Conklin JJ, Alderson PO, Zizic TM et al. (1983) Comparison of bone scan and radiograph sensitivity in the detection of steroid-induced ischaemic necrosis of bone. Radiology 147: 221–226
Constable AR, Cranage RW (1980) Recognition of the superscan in prostatic bone scintigraphy. Br J Radiol 54: 122–125
Cranage RW (1984) A film densitometer method of bone scan quantitation. Br J Radiol 57: 831–832
Davis MC, Turner DA, Charters JR, Golden HE, Ali A, Fordham EW (1984) Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy. The effect of method of selection of region of interest. Clin Nucl Med 9: 334–340
deGraaf P, te Velde J, Pauwels EKJ, Schicht IM, Kleiverda K, deGraaf J (1982) Increased bone radiotracer uptake in renal osteodystrophy: clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism as the major cause. Eur J Nucl Med 7: 152–154
deGraaf P, Pauwels EKJ, Vos PH, Schicht M, te Velde J, deGraaf J (1984) Observations on computerized quantitative bone scintigraphy in renal osteodystrophy. Eur J Nucl Med 9: 419–425
Dequeker J, Goddeeris J, Walravens M, De Roo M (1978) Evaluation of sacroiliitis: comparison of radiological and radionuclide techniques. Radiology 128: 687–689
Deutsch SD, Gandsman EJ, Spraragen SC (1981) Quantitative regional blood flow analysis and its clinical application during routine bone-scanning. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 63: 295–305
Dowsett DJ, Short MD, Morley TR (1976) A quantitative assessment of femoral head activity using Tc-99m-polyphosphate and a computer data collection system. Br J Radiol 49: 540–546
Eriksen EF, Mosekilde L, Meisen F (1985) Trabecular bone resorption depth decreases with age: differences between normal males and females. Bone 6: 141–146
Espinasse D, Mathieu L, Alexandre C, Chapuy MC, Meunier PJ, Berger M (1981) The kinetics of Tc99m labelled EHDP in Paget’s disease before and after diehloromethylene—diphosphonate treatment. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 2: 321–324
Fogelman I (1980) The value of 24 hour skeletal uptake of diphosphonate in the exclusion of metabolic bone disease. Nucl Med Comm 1: 351–356
Fogelman I, Bessent RG (1982) Age-related alterations in skeletal metabolism—24 hour whole-body retention of diphosphonate in 250 normal subjects: concise communication. J Nucl Med 23: 296–300
Fogelman I, Greig WR, Bessent RG, Boyle IT (1977) Skeletal uptake of Tc99m HEDP in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Nucl Med 18: 1040–1041
Fogelman I, Bessent RG, Turner JG, Citrin DL, Boyle IT, Greig WR (1978) The use of whole-body retention of Tc99m diphosphonate in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. J Nucl Med 19: 270–275
Fogelman I, Citrin DL, McKillop JH, Turner JG, Bessent RG, Greig WR (1979) A clinical comparison of Tc99m HEDP and Tc99m MDP in the detection of bone metastases: concise communication. J Nucl Med 20: 98–101
Fogelman I, Bessent RG, Beastall G, Boyle IT (1980) Estimation of skeletal involvement in primary hyperparathyroidism. Ann Intern Med 92: 65–67
Fogelman I, Bessent RG, Gordon D (1981) A critical assessment of bone scan quantitation (bone to soft tissue ratios) in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. Eur J Nucl Med 6: 93–97
Fogelman I, Bessent RG, Scullion JE, Cuthbert GF (1982) Accuracy of 24 hour whole-body (skeletal) retention of diphosphonate measurements. Eur J Nucl Med 7: 359–363
Gandsman EJ, Deutsch SD, Tyson IB (1983) Atlas of computerized blood flow analysis in bone disease. Clin Nucl Med 8: 558–563
Graham LS, Neil R (1974) In vivo quantitation of radioactivity using the Anger camera. Radiology 112: 441–442
Hardy JG, Kulatilake AE, Wastie ML (1980) An index for monitoring bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. Br J Radiol 53: 869–873
Henkin RE, Woodruff A, Chang W, Green AM (1980) The effect of radiopharmaceutical incubation time on bone scan quality. Radiology 135: 463–166
Hodson EM, Howman-Giles RB, Evans RA et al. (1981) The diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy: a comparison of technetium-99m-pyrophosphate bone scintigraphy with other techniques. Clin Nephrol 16: 24–28
Holmes RA (1978) Quantification of skeletal Tc-99m labelled phosphates to detect metabolic bone disease. J Nucl Med 19: 330–331
Israel O, Front D, Frenkel A, Kleinhaus U (1985) 24 hour/4 hour ratio of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate uptake in patients with bone metastases and degenerative bone changes. J Nucl Med 26: 237–240
Jacobs RR, Jackson RP, Preston DF, Williamson JA, Gallagher J (1979) Dynamic bone scanning in fractures. Injury 12: 455–459
Jarritt PH, Cullum ID, Lui D, Ell PJ (1984) The measurement of absolute MDP concentration in the skull. The skull uptake test. In: Hofer R, Bergmann H (eds) Proceedings of international symposium: Radioaktive Isotope in Klinik und Forschung. Egermann, Vienna, pp 121–126
Lammer J, Nicoletti R, Fueger GF, Fink W (1982) Osteoscintimetry—a method of semiquantitative evaluation of skeletal scintigrams by use of profiles and macrofunction for computer processing. Eur J Nucl Med 7: 364–369
LaMont RL, Muz J, Heilbrunner D, Bouwhuis JA (1981) Quantitative assessment of femoral head involvement in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 63: 746–752
Lang P, Bull U (1984) Measurement of 24 hour whole body retention of Tc99m diphosphonate by a single thyroid probe. Nucl Med Comm 5: 627–632
Lentle BC, Russell AS, Percy JS, Jackson FI (1977) The scintigraphic investigation of sacro-iliac disease. J Nucl Med 18: 529–533
Lund B, Lund JO, Soerensen OH, Lund B (1978) Evaluation of fracture healing in man by serial 99mTc-Sn-pyrophosphate scintimetry. Acta Orthop Scand 49: 435–439
Lurye DR, Castronovo FP, Potsaid MS (1977) An improved method for quantitative bone scanning. J Nucl Med 18: 1069–1073
Makler PT, Charkes ND (1980) Studies of skeletal tracer kinetics IV. Optimum time delay for Tc-99m (Sn) methylene diphosphonate bone imaging. J Nucl Med 21: 641–645
Martin W, Fogelman I, Bessent RG (1981) Measurement of 24 hour whole-body retention of Tc-99m HEDP by a gamma camera. J Nucl Med 22: 542–545
Meindok H, Rapoport A, Oreopoulos DG, Rabinovich S, Meema HE, Meema S (1985) Quantitative radionuclide scanning in metabolic bone disease. Nucl Med Comm 6: 141–148
Nisbet AP, Mashiter G, Winn P, Hilson AJW, Maisey MN (1983) Quantitation of 99mTc MDP retention during routine bone scanning. Nucl Med Comm 4: 67–71
Nisbet AP, Edwards S, Lazarus CR et al. (1984) Chromium 51 EDTA/technetium 99m MDP plasma ratio to measure total skeletal function. Br J Radiol 57: 677–680
O’Reilly RJ, Cook DJ, Gaffney RD, Angel KR, Paterson DC (1981) Can serial scintigraphic studies detect delayed fracture union in man? Clin Orthop 160: 227–232
Paquin J, Rosenthall L, Esdaile J, Warshawski R, Damtew B (1983) Elevated uptake of 99m technetium methylene diphosphonate in the axial skeleton in ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter’s disease: implications for quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy. Arthritis Rheum 26: 217–226
Park HM, Terman SA, Ridolfo AS, Wellman HN (1977) A quantitative evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis activity with Tc-99m HEDP. J Nucl Med 18: 973–976
Pfeifer JP, Bull U, Pfeifer H (1979) Quantitative assessment of 99mTc-MDP scans in the investigation of diffuse alterations in bone. Eur J Nucl Med 4: 407–412
Pfeifer JP, Hill W, Bull U, Burkhardt R, Kirsch CM (1983) Improvement of bone scintigraphy by quantitative evaluation compared with X-ray studies and iliac crest biopsy in malignant disease. Eur J Nucl Med 8: 342–345
Pitt WR, Sharp PF (1985) Comparison of quantitative and visual detection of new focal bone lesions. J Nucl Med 26: 230–236
Rosenspire KL, Kennedy AC, Russomanno L, Steinback J, Blau M, Green FA (1980) Comparison of four methods of analysis of 99mTc pyrophosphate uptake in rheumatoid arthritis joints. J Rheumatol 7: 461–468
Rosenthall L, Arzoumanian A (1983) Total body retention measurements of Tc-99m MDP using a simple detector. Clin Nucl Med 8: 210–213
Rosenthall L, Kaye M (1975) Technetium 99m pyrophosphate kinetics and imaging in metabolic bone disease. J Nucl Med 16: 33–39
Russell AS, Lentle BD, Percy JS (1975) Investigations of sacroiliac joint: comparative evaluation of radiological and radionuclide techniques. J Rheumatol 2: 45–51
Serafim A, Airman R, Sankey R, Coble C, Miale A (1973) Paget’s disease: a method of evaluation of response to therapy using the Anger scintillation camera on-line to a computer. J Nucl Med 14: 449
Schumichen C, Fegert J, Gaede J, Straub E (1982) Improved diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy (ia) by the use of Tc99m MDP bone clearance. J Nucl Med 23:P50
Smith ML, Martin W, Fogelman I, Bessent RG (1983) Relative distribution of diphosphonate between bone and soft tissue at 4 and 24 hours: concise communication. J Nucl Med 24: 208–211
Smith ML, Fogelman I, Raston S, Boyce BF, Boyle IT (1984) Correlation of skeletal uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate and alkaline phosphatase before and after oral diphosphonate therapy in Paget’s disease. Metab Bone Dis Relat Res 5: 167–170
Spencer DG, Adams FG, Horton PW, Buchanan WW (1979) Scintiscanning in ankylosing spondylitis: a clinical, radiological and quantitative radioisotopic study. J Rheumatol 6: 426–431
Steven MM, Sturrock RD, Fogelman I, Smith ML (1982) Whole body retention of diphosphonate in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 9: 873–877
Stevenson JS, Bright RW, Dunson GL, Nelson FR (1974) Technetium-99m phosphate bone imaging: a method of assessing bone graft healing. Radiology 110: 391–394
Vattimo A, Cantalupi D, Righi G, Martini G, Nuti R, Turchetti V (1981) Whole-body retention of Tc99m-MDP in Paget’s disease. J Nucl Med Allied Sci 25: 5–10
Vellenga CJLR, Pauwels EKJ, Bijvoet OLM (1984) Comparison between visual assessment and quantitative measurement of radioactivity on the bone scintigram in Paget’s disease of bone. Eur J Nucl Med 9: 533–537
Vyas K, Eklem M, Seto H et al. (1981) Quantitative scintigraphy of sacroiliac joints: effect of age, gender and laterality. AJR 136: 589–592
Waxman AD, Ducker S, McKee D, Siemsen JK, Singer FR (1977) Evaluation of Tc99m diphosphonate kinetics and bone scans in patients with Paget’s disease before and after calcitonin treatment. Radiology 125: 761–764
Weigmann T, Rosenthall L, Kaye M (1977) Technetium-99m-pyrophosphate bone scans in hyperparathyroidism. J Nucl Med 18: 231–235
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Smith, M.L. (1987). Quantitative 99mTc Diphosphonate Uptake Measurements. In: Fogelman, I. (eds) Bone Scanning in Clinical Practice. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1407-9_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1407-9_16
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1409-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1407-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive