Skip to main content
  • 67 Accesses

Abstract

The patients to be considered for treatment in this section fall conveniently into pyuric (persistent or intermittent) and apyuric groups according to the definition of the urethral syndrome described above (p. 91). Those patients in whom significant pyuria occurs will be the subject of intensive microbiological investigation in an attempt to isolate the suspected organism and it is recognised that longitudinal studies will be required to obtain positive results in the ‘between infections’ patients (O’Grady et al. 1973). Additionally, Chlamydia trachomatis will be isolated from a number of cases (Stamm et al. 1980) but there will remain a significant minority whose urethral syndrome is associated with a pyuria for which no cause can be found. Patients whose urine never contains white cells constitute the ‘hard core’ of the urethral syndrome and it would appear that infection is unlikely to be implicated as the factor responsible for the symptom complex in these cases (O’Grady et al. 1973).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Asscher AW (1978) Use of antibiotics. Management of frequency and dysuria. Br Med J 1: 1531–1533

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • BMJ (1977) The urethral syndrome. Br Med J 11: 593–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley RM, McGuckin M, MacGregor RR (1978) Urine bacterial counts after sexual intercourse. N Engl J Med 298: 321–324

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caine M, Raz S (1975) Some clinical implications of adrenergic receptors in the urinary tract. Arch Surg 110: 247–250

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carson CC, Segura JW, Osborne DM (1980) Evaluation and treatment of the female urethral syndrome. J Urol 124: 609–610

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charlton CAC, Cattell WR, Canti G, Grottick J, O’Grady FW (1973) The non urethral syndrome. In: Brumfitt W, Asscher AW (eds) Urinary tract infection. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 173–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrar DJ, Green NA, Ashken MH (1973) An evaluation of Otis urethrotomy in female patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. Br J Urol 45: 610–615

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman RM, Baxby K (1982) Hypnotherapy for incontinence caused by the unstable detrusor. Br Med J 284: 1831–1834

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman RM, Guthrie KA (1985) Hypnotherapy for the unstable detrusor: a two year review. Br Med J 290: 286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frewin WK (1980) The management of urgency and frequency of micturition. Br J Urol 52: 367–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hinman F (1968) Bacterial elimination. J Urol 99: 811

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hole R (1972) The calibre of the adult urethra. Br J Urol 44: 68–70

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes DM, Stone AR, Bary PR, Richards CJ, Stephenson TP (1983) Bladder training—3 years on. Br J Urol 55: 660–664

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jarvis GJ (1982) The management of urinary incontinence due to primary vesical sensory urgency by bladder drill. Br J Urol 54: 374–376

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan WE, Firlit CF, Schoenberg HW (1980) The female urethral syndrome: external sphincter spasm as etiology. J Urol 124: 48–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiesswetter H (1977) Mucosal sensory threshold of the urinary bladder and urethra measured electrically. Urol Int 32: 437–448

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maskell R, Pead L, Allen J (1979) The puzzle of “urethral syndrome”: a possible answer? Lancet 1: 1058–1059

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maskell R, Pead L, Sanderson RA (1983) Fastidious bacteria and the urethral syndrome: A 2-year clinical and bacteriological study of 51 women. Lancet 11: 1277–1280

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Boyle PJ, Parsons KF (1979) Primary vesical sensory urgency: A clinical trial of bromocriptine. Br J Urol 51: 200–203

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Grady FW, Richards B, McSherry MA, O’Farrell SM, Cattell WR (1970) Introital enterobacteria, urinary infection and the urethral syndrome. Lancet 11: 1208–1210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Grady FW, Charlton CAC, Fry IK, McSherry A, Cattell WR (1973) Natural history of intractable ‘cystitis’ in women referred to a special clinic. In: Brumfitt W, Asscher AW (eds) Urinary tract infection. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 81–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkes AC, Boreham P (1980) Cryosurgery for the urethral syndrome: prelimary communication. J R Soc Med 73: 428–430

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell PH, Feneley RCL (1980) The role of urethral sensation in clinical urology. Br J Urol 52: 539–541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Powell PH, George NJR, Smith PJB, Feneley RCL (1981) The hypersensitive female urethra—A cuase of recurrent frequency and dysuria. Paper presented at XIth Meeting of the International Continence Society

    Google Scholar 

  • Ravnskov U (1984) Soap is the major cause of dysuria. Lancet 1: 1027–1028

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raz S, Smith RB (1976) External sphincter spasticity syndrome in female patients. J Urol 115: 443–446

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rees DLP, Farhoumand N (1977) Psychiatric aspects of recurrent cystitis in women. Br J Urol 49: 651–658

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rees DLP, Whitfield HN, Islam AKMS, Doyle PT, Mayo ME, Wickham JEA (1976) Urodynamic findings in adult females with frequency and dysuria. Br J Urol 47: 853–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson FH (1969) External urethroplasty in women: Technique and clinic evaluation. J Urol 101: 709–723

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts M, Smith P (1968) Non-malignant obstruction of the female urethra. Br J Urol 41: 694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith PJB (1979) The management of the urethral syndrome. Br J Hosp Med 22: 578–587

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith PJB (1981) The urethral syndrome. Clin Obstet Gynaecol 8: 161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith PJB, Powell PH, George NJR, Kirk D (1981) Urethrolysis in the management of females with recurrent frequency and dysuria. Br J Urol 53: 634–636

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonnex TS, Jones RL, Weddell AG, Dawber RPR (1985) Long term effects of cryosurgery on cutaneous sensation. Br Med J 290: 188–190

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Splatt AJ, Weedon D (1977) The urethral syndrome: Experience with the Richardson urethroplasty. Br J Urol 49: 173–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Splatt AJ, Weedon D (1981) The urethral syndrome: Morphological studies. Br J Urol 53: 263–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Splatt AJ, Weedon D (1982) The urethral syndrome: Experience with the Richardson urethroplasty. A review after 5 years. Br J Urol 54: 566

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamey TA, Sexton CC (1975) The role of vaginal colonization with enterobacteriaceae in recurrent urinary infections. J Urol 113: 214–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm WE, Wagner KF, Ansel R, Alexander ER, Turck M, Counts GW, Holmes KK (1980) Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women. N Engl J Med 303: 409–415

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamm WE, Running K, McKevitt M, Counts GW, Turck M, Holmes KK (1981) Treatment of the acute urethral syndrome. N Engl J Med 304: 956–958

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton SL (1978) Diseases of the urinary system. Drugs acting on the bladder and urethra. Br Med J 1: 1607

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Whorwell PJ, Prior A, Faragher EB (1984) Controlled trial of hypnotherapy in the treatment of severe refractory irritable-bowel syndrome. Lancet 11: 1232

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van Geelen JM, Doesburg WH, Thomas CMG, Martin CB (1981) Urodynamic studies in the normal menstrual cycle: The relationship between hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle and the urethral pressure profile. Am J Obstet Gynecol 141: 384

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tasker, M. (1986). Treatment of the Urethral Syndrome. In: George, N.J.R., Gosling, J.A. (eds) Sensory Disorders of the Bladder and Urethra. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1392-8_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1392-8_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1394-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1392-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics