Skip to main content

Radiological Diagnosis and Assessment of Inflammatory Renal Diseases

  • Chapter
Percutaneous and Interventional Urology and Radiology

Part of the book series: Clinical Practice in Urology ((PRACTICE UROLOG))

Abstract

A myriad of inflammatory processes may affect the renal parenchyma (Table 19.1). In spite of innumerable clinical and animal studies over the years, a great deal of controversy still exists as to the mechanisms by which renal involvement occurs. However, in recent years, significant progress has been made in resolving these conflicts and slowly the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle are beginning to fit together to make possible a more complete understanding of the processes involved. In the sections below, our approach to understanding the mechanisms of these renal infections will first be outlined, followed by our schema of radiologically evaluating these patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Acton CM, Drew JH (1979) Vesicoureteric reflux in the neonatal period. In: Hodson CJ, Smith PK (eds) Reflux nephropathy. Masson, New York

    Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Ghorab MM (1968) Radiological manifestation of genito-urinary bilharziasis. Clin Radiol 19: 100–111

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alvi AA, Goel TG, Dubey PC (1973) Reno-broncho-pyelocutaneous fistula. Br J Urol 45: 233

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Armstrong CP Jr, Harlin HC, Fort CA (1950) Leukoplakia of the renal pelvis. J Urol 63: 208–213

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Asscher AW et al. (Cardiff-Oxford Bacteriuria Study Group) (1978) Sequelae of covert bacteriuria in schoolgirls. A four-year follow-up study. Lancet 11:889

    Google Scholar 

  6. Babcock DS, Kaufman L, Cosnow I (1978) Ultrasound diagnosis of hydatid disease (echinococ-cosis) in two cases. AJR 131: 895–897

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Baker MK, Kopecky KK (1983) Perirenal pancreatic pseudocysts: Diagnostic management. AJR 140: 729-732

    Google Scholar 

  8. Barrie HJ, Kerr WK, Gale GL (1967) The incidence and pathogenesis of tuberculous strictures of renal pyelus. J Urol 98: 584–589

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Beachley MC, Ranniger K, Roth FJ (1974) Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AJR 121: 500–507

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Ben-Amni T (1984) The sonographic evaluation of urinary tract infections in children. Semin Ultrasound CT & MR 5: 19–33

    Google Scholar 

  11. Bergner DM, Roth JK Jr, Lang EK (1982) The role of computerized tomography in the management of bilateral tubercular psoas abscess. J Urol 128: 1020–1022

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Berliner L, Bosniak MA (1982) The striated nephrogram in acute pyelonephritis. Urol Radiol 4: 41–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Biggers R, Edwards J (1980) Anuria secondary to bilateral ureteropelvic fungus balls. Urology 15: 161–163

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bissada NK, Cole AT, Fried FA (1973) Reno-alimentary fistula: An unusual urological problem. J Urol 110: 273-276

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bourne HH, Condon VR, Hoyt TS, Nixon GW (1976) Intrarenal reflux and renal damage. J Urol 115: 304–306

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyd W (1970) A textbook of pathology, 8th edn. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, pp 111–113

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bruce AW, Awad SA, Challis TW (1969) The recognition and treatment of tuberculous pyocalyx of the kidney. J Urol 101: 127–131

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Brugh R III, Gooneratne NS, Rous SN (1979) Gallium-67 scanning and conservative treatment in acute inflammatory lesions of the renal cortex. J Urol 121: 232–235

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Caplan LH, Siegelman SS, Bosniak MA (1967) Angiography in inflammatory space occupying lesions of the kidney. Radiology 88: 14–23

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Cardiff-Oxford Study Group (1979) Long term effects of bacteriuria on the urinary tract in schoolgirls. Radiology 132: 343–350

    Google Scholar 

  21. Carris CK, Schmidt JE (1977) Emphysematous pyelonephritis. J Urol 118: 457–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Cavins JA, Goldstein AMB (1977) Renal malakoplakia. Urology 10: 155–158

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Christofferson JC, Andersen K (1967) Renal papillary necrosis. AJR 101: 703–707

    Google Scholar 

  24. Clark RA, Weiss MA, Colley DP, Wyatt GM (1979) Renal malakoplakia with renal vein thrombosis. AJR 133: 1170–1173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Coleman BG, Arger PH, Mulhern CB Jr, Pollack HM, Banner MP (1981) Pyonephrosis: Sonography in the diagnosis and management. AJR 137: 939-943

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dansky AS, Lynne CM, Politano VA (1978) Disseminated mucormycosis with renal involvement. J Urol 119: 275–277

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Davidson AJ, Talner LB (1978) Late sequelae of adult-onset acute bacterial nephritis. Radiology 127: 367–371

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Dawson SL, Mueller PR, Ferucci J J Jr (1984) Mucomyst for abscesses: A clinical comment. Radiology 151: 342

    Google Scholar 

  29. Eckert DE, Jonutis AJ, Davidson AJ (1976) The incidence and manifestation of urographic papillary abnormalities in patients with S hemoglobinopathies. Radiology 113: 59–63

    Google Scholar 

  30. Edell SL, Bonavita JA (1979) The sonographic appearance of acute pyelonephritis. Radiology 132: 683–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Eickenberg HV, Amin M, Lich R Jr (1975) Blastomycosis of the genitourinary tract. J Urol 113: 650–652

    Google Scholar 

  32. Ellis LR, Kenny GM, Nellans RE (1979) Urogenital aspects of actinomycosis. J Urol 122: 132–133

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Elo J, Tallgren LG, Alfthan O, Sarna S (1983) Character of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritic renal scanning after antireflux surgery. J Urol 129: 343–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Fair WR, McClennan BL, Jost RG (1979) Are excretory urograms necessary in evaluating women with urinary tract infection. J Urol 121: 313–315

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Finn DJ, Palestrant AM, De Wolf WC (1982) Successful percutaneous management of renal abscess. J Urol 127:425–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Freedberg LE, Stables DP, Blousten PA, Donoh R (1977) Cholesteatoma of renal pelvis. Urology 10: 263–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Friedland GW (1977) Long term effects of urinary tract infections. Radiology 124: 263–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Frimann-Dahl J (1966) Angiography in renal inflammatory disease. In: Kincaid OW (ed) Renal angiography. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, pp 230–252

    Google Scholar 

  39. Froelich JW, Swanson D (1984) Imaging of inflammatory processes with labeled cells. Semin Nucl Med 14: 128–139

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Garcia JE, Van Nostrand D, Howard WH III, Kyle RW (1984) The spectrum of gallium-67 renal activity in patients with no evidence of renal disease. J Nucl Med 25: 575–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Gerle RD (1973) Roentgenographic features of primary renal candidiasis. AJR 119: 731–738

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Gilbert PG, Shirley SW (1973) The use of angiography in the diagnosis of space-occupying renal and perirenal inflammatory lesions. J Urol 110: 11–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Gilsanz V, Lozanot, Jiminez J (1980) Renal hydatid cysts: Communicating with collecting system. AJR 135: 357-361

    Google Scholar 

  44. Giustra PE, Watson RC, Shulman H (1971) Arteriographic findings in the various stages of renal tuberculosis. Radiology 100: 587–602

    Google Scholar 

  45. Gold RP, McClennan BL, Rottenberg RR (1983) CT appearance of acute inflammatory disease of the renal interstitium. AJR 141: 343–349

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Goldman SM, Minkin SD, Naraval DC, Diamond AB, Pion SJ, Meringoff BN, Sidh SM, Sanders RC, Cohen SP (1977) Renal carbuncle: The use of ultrasound in its diagnosis and treatment. J Urol 118: 525-528

    Google Scholar 

  47. Goldman SM, Hartman DS, Fishman EK, Finizio JP, Gatewood OMB, Siegelman SS (1984) CT of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. AJR 143: 963-969

    Google Scholar 

  48. Gow JG (1963) Genitourinary tuberculosis: A study of 700 cases. Lancet 11: 261–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Gwinn JL, Barnes GR Jr (1964) Striated ureters and renal pelvis. AJR 91: 666–668

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Haines JG, Mayo ME, Allan NA, Ansell JS (1977) Echinococcal cyst of the kidney. J Urol 117: 788–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hare WSC, Poynter JD (1974) The radiology of renal papillary necrosis as seen in analgesic nephropathy. Clin Radiol 25: 423–443

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Harrow BR (1965) Early forms of renal papillary necrosis. AJR 95: 335–343

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hartman DS, Davis CJ Jr, Lichtenstein JE, Goldman SM (1980) Renal parenchymal malako- plakia. Radiology 136: 33–42

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Hartman DS, Sanders RS, Davis CJ Jr, Goldman SM, Isbister SS (1984) Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: Sonographic-pathologic correlation of 16 cases. J Clin Ultrasound Med 3: 481–488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Hodson CJ, Edward D (1960) Chronic pyelonephritis and vesico-ureteric reflux. Clin Radiol 11: 219–231

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Hodson CJ, Davies Z, Prescod A (1975) Renal parenchymal radiographic measurement in infants and children. Pediatr Radiol 3: 16–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Hodson CJ, Maling TMJ, McManamon PJ (1975) The pathogenesis of reflux nephropathy (chronic atrophic pyelonephritis). Br J Radiol (Suppl) 13: 1–26

    Google Scholar 

  58. Hoffman EP, Mindelzun RE, Anderson RU (1980) Computed tomography in acute pyelonepthri- tis associated with diabetes. Radiology 135: 691–695

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hopkins GB, Hall RL, Mende CW (1976) Gallium-67 scintigraphy for the diagnosis and localization of perinephric abscess. J Urol 115: 126–128

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Kaude JV, Stone M, Fuller TJ, et al. (1976) Papillary necrosis in kidney transplant patients. Radiology 120: 69–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Kay CJ, Rosenfield AT, Taylor KJW, Rosenberg MA (1979) Ultrasonic characteristics of chronic atrophic pyelonephritis. AJR 132:47–49

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Kelalis PP, Greene LF, Weed LA (1962) Brucellosis of the urogenital tract: A mimic of tuberculosis. J Urol 88: 347–353

    Google Scholar 

  63. Kim DS, Woesner ME, Howard TF, Olson LK (1979) Emphysematous pyelonephritis demon-strated by computed tomography. AJR 132: 287–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Koehler PR (1974) The roentgen diagnosis of renal inflammatory masses—special emphasis on angiographic changes. Radiology 112: 257–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Koehler PR (1978) The roentgen diagnosis of renal inflammatory masses, special emphasis on angiographic changes. Radiology 112: 257–266

    Google Scholar 

  66. Kollins SA, Hartman GW, Carr DT, Segura JW, Hattery RR (1974) Roentgenologic findings in urinary tract tuberculosis: A 10 year investigation. AJR 121: 487–500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kozinn PJ, Taschdjian CL, Goldberg PK, Wise GJ, Toni EF, Seelig MS (1978) Advances in the diagnosis of renal candidiasis. J Urol 119: 184–187

    Google Scholar 

  68. Lang EK, Price EW (1983) Redefinition of indications for percutaneous nephrostomy. Radiology 147: 419–426

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Lautin EM, Gordon PM, Friedman AC, Dourmashkin L, Fromowitz F (1979) Emphysematous pyelonephritis: Optimal diagnosis and treatment. Urol Radiol 1: 93-96

    Google Scholar 

  70. Lee JKT, McClennan BL, Melson GL, Stanley RJ (1980) Acute bacterial nephritis. AJR 135: 87–92

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Levin DC, Gordon D, Kinkhabwala MN, et al. (1976) Reticular neovascularity in malignant and inflammatory renal masses. Radiology 120: 61–68

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Love L, Myers MA, Churchill RJ (1981) Computed tomography of extraperitoneal spaces. AJR 136: 781–789

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Mahmoud AA (1977) Schistosomiasis. N Engl J Med 297: 1329–1331

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. McDougall IR, Baumert JE, Lanteri RL (1979) Evaluation of indium 111 in leukocyte whole body scanning. AJR 133: 849–854

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. McNulty M (1957) Pyeloureteritis cystica. Br J Radiol 30: 648–652

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Mellins HZ (1971) Chronic pyelonephritis and medullary necrosis. Semin Roentgenol 6: 292–308

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Mendez G Jr, IsikofTMB, Morillo G (1979) The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of renal and perirenal abscesses. J Urol 122: 582–586

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Mogle JM, Perlberg S, Heiman S, Caine M (1984) Emphysematous pyelonephritis. J Urol 131: 203–208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Newcastle Asymptomatic Bacteriuria Research Group (1975) Asymptomatic bacteriuria in school children in Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Arch Dis Child 50: 90–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  80. Nicholson RC (1981) Abnormalities of the perinephric fascia and fat in pancreatitis. Radiology 139: 125–127

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Nogrady MB, Lesk DM (1972) Renal papillary necrosis in the newborn: A case report with roentgenologic documentation of late sequelae. AJR 116: 661-667

    Google Scholar 

  82. Patel BJ, Moskowitz, Hashmat A (1983) Unilateral renal actinomycosis. Urology 21: 172–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Ransley PG, Risdon RA (1979) The renal papilla, intrarenal reflux and chronic pyelonephritis. In: Hodson CJ, Smith PK (eds) Reflux nephropathy. Masson, New York, pp 126–133

    Google Scholar 

  84. Rauch RF, Korobkin M, Silverman PM, Dunnick NR (1983) Subcapsular pancreatic pseudocyst of the kidney. JCAT 7: 536–538

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Reece RW, Koontz WW Jr (1975) Leukoplakia of the urinary tract. A review. J Urol 114: 165-171

    Google Scholar 

  86. Richie JP, Nicholson TC, Hunting D, et al. (1978) Radiographic abnormalities in acute pyelonephritis. J Urol 114: 832–835

    Google Scholar 

  87. Roberts JA (1983) Pathogenesis of pyelonephritis. J Urol 129: 1102–1106

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Rosenfleld AJ, Glickman MG, Taylor KJW. Crade M, Hodson J (1979) Acute focal bacterial nephritis (acute lobar nephronia). Radiology 132:553–561

    Google Scholar 

  89. Schaefer R, Becker J A, Goodman J (1983) Sonography of tuberculous kidney. Urology 21: 209–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Schneider M, Becker JA, Staiano S, Campos E (1975) Sonographic-radiographic correlation of renal and perirenal infections. AJR 127: 1007–1014

    Google Scholar 

  91. Silver TM, Kass EJ, Thornbury JR (1976) The radiological spectrum of acute pyelonephritis in adults and adolescents. Radiology 118: 67–71

    Google Scholar 

  92. Stanton MJ, Maxted W (1981) Malacoplakia: A study of the literature and current concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. J Urol 125: 139-146

    Google Scholar 

  93. Stuck KJ, Silver TM, Jaffe MH, Bowerman RA (1981) Sonographic demonstration of renal fungus ball. Radiology 142: 473–474

    Google Scholar 

  94. Subramanyam BR, Megibow AJ, Raghavendra BN, Bosniak MA (1982) Diffuse xanthogranulo-matous pyelonephritis: Analysis by computed tomography and sonography. Urol Radiol 4: 5-9

    Google Scholar 

  95. Subramanyam BR, Raghavendra BN, Bosniak MA, Lefleur RS, Rosen RJ, Horii SC (1983) Sonography of pyonephrosis: A prospective study. AJR 140: 991-993

    Google Scholar 

  96. Thornbury JR (1979) Perirenal anatomy: Normal and abnormal. Radiol Clin North Am 17: 321–331

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Van Kirk OC, Go RT, Wedel VJ (1980) Sonographic features of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. AJR 134: 1035–1039

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Van Waes PFG (1983) Management of loculated abscesses that are difficult to drain: A new approach. Radiology 147: 57–63

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Wills JS, Pollack HM, Curtis JA (1981) Cholesteatoma of the upper urinary tract. AJR 136: 941–944

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Yu HHY, Yim CM, Leong CH (1978) Primary actinomycosis of kidney presenting with renocolic fistula. Br J Urol 50: 140

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Goldman, S.M. (1986). Radiological Diagnosis and Assessment of Inflammatory Renal Diseases. In: Lang, E.K. (eds) Percutaneous and Interventional Urology and Radiology. Clinical Practice in Urology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1386-7_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1386-7_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1388-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-1386-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics