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Pathology of Bone pp 113–146Cite as

Metabolic Bone Disease

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Abstract

The vitamin D compounds all have the basic steroid ring structure. Splitting of one of the rings is brought about by ultraviolet light, a reaction which occurs in the skin (Holick et al. 1977; Esvelt et al. 1978), and previtamin D3 so formed from 7-dehydrocholesterol is equilibrated to vitamin D3 in the skin (Holick et al. 1977). Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) and its metabolites are the main naturally occurring compounds in man and animals, but vitamin D2 (ergocalci- ferol) and its metabolites are also present in man, because of fortification of the diet. Vitamin D3 is converted to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) in the liver by means of a mitochondrial 25-hydroxylase (Bhattacharyya and DeLuca 1974; Olson et al. 1976; Madhok et al. 1978). Studies using tritiated 25-OH-D3 have demonstrated its further hydroxylation to 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) (Cousins et al. 1970; Holick et al. 1971; Lawson et al. 1971), a process which occurs in the kidney, the necessary enzyme system being localised in the proximal tubules (Fraser and Kodicek 1970; Midgett et al. 1973; Brunette et al. 1978). Since l,25(OH)2D3 is an inhibitor of the renal 1-hydroxylase, there is a short-loop negative feedback control of the hydroxylation process (Larkins et al. 1974; Omdahl 1978; Omdahl and Hunsaker 1978; Henry 1979).

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  1. Institute of Pathology, The London Hospital, Bone and Joint Research Unit, The London Hospital Medical College, Whitechapel, London, UK

    Peter A. Revell BSc, MB, BS, PhD, MRCPath (Senior Lecturer in Morbid Anatomy)

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Revell, P.A. (1986). Metabolic Bone Disease. In: Pathology of Bone. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1377-5_5

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