Abstract
There are approximately 30000 new cases of bladder cancer and 10000 deaths annually in the United States. Although bladder tumors occur in patients under the age of 50 years, the majority of cases are aged between 65 and 70. In the Western Hemisphere and Europe, bladder tumors are of the transitional cell (epidermoid) variety in over 95 % of cases and only 3 % are adenocarcinoma—mostly in the dome of the bladder and of urachal origin. In contrast, schistosomiasis-induced or bilharzial bladder cancer in Egypt and in India is of the squamous cell variety in over 75 % of cases (Gad-el-Mawla et al. 1979). In the Western Hemisphere, a strong link to various chemical carcinogens as inciting or promoting agents has been firmly established (Cohen 1979) and it is therefore surprising that the incidence of bladder cancer has not increased significantly (thus far) in the United States during the past 10–20 years.
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© 1982 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
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Yagoda, A. (1982). Chemotherapy for Advanced Urothelial Tract Tumors. In: Spiers, A.S.D. (eds) Chemotherapy and Urological Malignancy. Clinical Practice in Urology. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1332-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1332-4_6
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