Methodological Guidelines in the Study of Male Reproductive Organs

Abstract

In man and in animals with scrotal testes andrological examination of the gonad begins with gross inspection. Testicular size, consistency and the degree of firmness are assessed by palpation or application of orchidometers and tonometers; the latter type of instrument is sometimes used by veterinary practitioners in bulls, to predict semen quality and general fertility (Hahn et al. 1969a; Leidl and Schefels 1971). Ultrasonography also provides a means for assessing testicular size and consistency, especially when scrotal swelling precludes direct physical examination; occasionally it can be helpful in the clinical diagnosis and evaluation of testicular tumours and haematoma, abscesses, varicocele, spermatocele and hydrocele (Miskin and Bain 1978).

“The likeliest Method of discovering Truth, is, by the Experiments of Many upon the same Subject; and the most probable Way of engaging People in such Experiments, is, by rendering them easy, intelligible and pleasant.” Henry Baker 1744