Abstract
Among the chronic inflammatory disorders of humans, multiple sclerosis (MS) represents perhaps the most complex puzzle and a frustrating challenge to medical science. Having successfully teased three generations of immunologists and virologists, the underlying biology of MS remains only vaguely understood. The immunology of MS appears complex, in part because there have been so many observations, some conflicting, that do not result in a clear model of pathogenesis. Einstein noted that good science simplified one’s understanding of the world, a criterion thus far not met in the MS arena. Certain fundamental questions must be answered before a coherent picture emerges. For example, what is the mechanism of chronic inflammation in MS? What triggers MS? What antigens (if any) are targeted? MS is generally considered to be an autoimmune disease, yet inflammation and selective destruction of central nervous system (CNS) elements may also occur in non-autoimmune conditions, diseases of known etiology including genetic disorders (adrenaleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy) or chronic virus infections (HTLV-I or Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus). The inflammatory changes that occur in MS may ultimately be shown to be secondary rather than primary, and only tentative assumptions of the nature of MS can reasonably be made at this time. This said, recent data from multiple converging sources lend support to the classical concept that MS is mediated by an aberrant immune response directed against one or several myelin proteins of the CNS (Tables 2.1 and 2.2).
Keywords
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Human Leukocyte Antigen
- Multiple Sclerosis Patient
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Class
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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References
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Oksenberg, J.R., Hauser, S.L. (1996). Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Relationship to Therapeutic Strategies. In: Goodkin, D.E., Rudick, R.A. (eds) Multiple Sclerosis. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1271-6_2
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