Domain Specific Design of User Interfaces - Case Handling and Data Entry Problems

Abstract

The use of graphical user interfaces in a computerised work environment is often considered to substantially improve the work situation. The outcome however, can be the opposite. Inappropriate use of windowing techniques, scrolling and colours can result in confusing and tedious interaction with the computer. The problem solving process of professional work is constantly interrupted by the need for “redesign” of the interface, e.g. open, resize and move windows, start different applications etc. This results in low efficiency, a high level of anxiety and stress, bad acceptance and even health problems. Studies on different types of work situations show that properties of the work environment can limit efficient use of skills by persons performing the work. We call these limitations ‘cognitive work environment problems’ and they are often associated with the human-computer interface. To minimise the cognitive load caused by the interface, design of the interface must be based on an analysis of it’s load on the user. In our research we have seen examples of computer systems where up to 80% of the working time is spent managing the interface. In a work situation, where computerised information systems are used, e.g. health care, the purpose of the work performed by the work domain professionals is never to operate the computer. The computer is only a tool that will be used and appreciated only as long as it efficiently supports the purpose of the work, e.g. to provide good health care for a patient. This means that the user interface must be designed on the basis of optimisation of the work activities as such, instead of just optimising computer use. Design of user interfaces for skilled workers in professional work settings should be based on style guides that certify efficiency.