Abstract
In terms of the totality of disease anterior horn cell disease is rare. Even in neurological practice spinal muscular atrophy is an uncommon condition. Motor neurone disease (MND) is the most common of the motor system diseases and arguably one of the most unpleasant diseases known to medical science. A large proportion of the work of neurological departments is devoted to the investigation of those suspected of having this disorder or in attempts to relieve the suffering of those in whom this diagnosis has been established.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alter M, Kurland LT, Molgaard CA (1982) Late progressive muscular atrophy and antecedent poliomyelitis. In: Rowland LP (ed) Human motor neuron disease. Raven Press, New York, pp 303–309
Antel J, Medof M, Richman D et al. (1979) Immunological considerations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.In Rose FC (ed) Clinical neuroimmunology. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, pp 227–244
Aran FA (1850) Recherches sur une maladie non encore d!ecrite du systeme musculaire. Arch Gén Méd (4me Sér) 24:1–35
Askmark H, Aquilonius S-M, Gillberg P-G et al. (1993) A pilot trial of dextromethorphan in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 56:197–200
Auerback P, Crocker P (1982) Regular involvement of Clarke’s nucleus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 39:155–156
Bartfield H, Dham C, Donnenfeld H et al. (1982) Immunological profile of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients and their cell-mediated responses to viral and CNS antigens. Clin Exp Immunol 48:137–147
Behan PO, Behan WM, Bell E et al. (1977) Possible persistent virus in motor neuron disease. Lancet ii:1176
Bell C (1836) The nervous system of the human body, 3rd edn. Longmans, London, pp 432–434
Bensimon G, Lacomblez L, Meininger V et al. (1994) A controlled trial of riluzole in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 330:585–592
Blundell G, Mitchell JD (1985) The use of intrathecal IgG synthetic rates in diagnosis. In: Peeters H (ed) Protides of the biological fluids, Vol. 32. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 189–190
Bradley WG, Krasin F (1982) A new hypothesis of the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - the DNA hypothesis. Arch Neurol 39:677–680.
Brain WR, Croft PB, Wilkinson M (1965) Motor neurone disease as an manifestation of neoplasm. Brain 88:479–500
Brooke MH, Florence JM, Heller SM et al. (1986) Controlled trial of thyrotropin releasing hormone in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 36:146–151
Brooks BR (1994) World Federation of Neurology Sub Committee on Neuromuscular Diseases. El Escorial Criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 124 (Suppl):96–108
Buckley J, Warlow C, Smith P et al. (1983) Motor neuron disease in England and Wales, 1959–1979. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 46:197–205
Calne DB, Eisen A (1989) The relationship between Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and motor neurone disease. Can J Neurol Sci 16:547–550
Campbell AMG, Williams ER, Barltrop D (1970) Motor neurone disease and exposure to lead. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 33:877–885
Caroscio, JT (1986) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the disease. In: Caroscio JT (ed) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thieme, New York, pp 3–15
Caroscio JT, Cohen JA, Zawodiniak J et al. (1986) A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of TRH in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology 36:141–145
Chad D, Mitsumoto H, Adelman LS et al. (1982) Conjugal motor neurone disease. Neurology 32:306–307
Chalmers NC, Mitchell JD (1987) Optico-acoustic atrophy in distal spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 50, 238–239
Charcot JM (1872, 1873) Leçons sur les maladies du système nerveux fâites à la Salpetrière. Paris: Delahaye. Translated 1881, New Sydenham Society, London pp 180–191
Dalakas MC, Elder G, Hallett M et al. (1986) A long-term follow-up study of patients with post-poliomyelitis neuromuscular symptoms. N Engl J Med 314:959–963
Davidson TJ Hartmann HA (1981) RNA content and volume of motor neurones in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 40:187–192
Decaux G, Szyper M, Ectors M et al. (1980) Central nervous system complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43:883–887
Durrleman S, Alprerovitch A (1989) Increasing trend of ALS in France and elsewhere: are the changes real. Neurology 39:768–773
Emery AEH, Holloway SM (1982) Familial motor neuron disease. In: Rowland LP (ed) Human motor neuron diseases. Raven Press, New York, pp. 139–147
Engel WK, Siddique T, Nicoloff JT et al. (1983a) TRH levels are reduced in CSF of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other spastic patients and rise with intravenous treatment. Neurology 33 (Suppl. 2): 176
Engel WK, Siddique T, Nicoloff JT (1983b) Effect on weakness and spasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of thyrotropin releasing hormone. Lancet ii:73–75
Farrell DF, Starr A (1968) Delayed neurological sequelae of electrical injuries. Neurology 18:601–606
Feigenbaum JA, Munsat TL (1970) A neuromuscular syndrome of scapuloperoneal distribution. Bull Los Angeles Neurosurg Soc 35:47–57
Fraser KB, Shirodaria PV, Haire M (1979) Jejunal biopsy in multiple sclerosis. In: Behan PO, Rose FC (eds) Progress in neurological research. Pitman Medical, Tunbridge Wells, pp 73–78
Garruto RM, Swyt C, Fiori CE et al. (1985) Intraneuronal deposition of calcium and aluminium in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of Guam. Lancet ii:1353
Gordon EE, Janusko DM, Kaufman L (1967) A critical survey of the stiff man syndrome. Am J Med 42:582
Gowers WR (1902) A lecture on abiotrophy: disease from defect of life. Lancet ii:1003–1007
Harding, AE (1984) The hereditary ataxias and related disorders. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh
Harding AE, Thomas PK, Baraitser M et al. (1982) X-linked bulbospinal neuronopathy: a report of ten cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 45:1012–1019
Harding AE, Bradbury PG, Murray NMF (1983) Chronic asymmetrical spinal muscular atrophy. J Neurol Sci 59:69–83
Harnisch R, Dworsky RL, Henderson BE (1976) A search for clues to the cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol 33:456–457
Hawkes CH, Fox J (1981) Motor neurone disease in leather workers. Lancet i:507
Hirayama K, Toyokura Y, Tsubaki T (1959) Juvenile muscular atrophy of unilateral upper extremity: a new clinical entity. Psychiatry Neurol Jpn 61:2190.
Holbrook LA, Beach FXM, Silver JR (1970) Delayed myelopathy: a rare complication of severe electrical burns. Br Med J 4:659–660.
Holloway SM, Emery AEH (1982) The epidemiology of motor neuron disease in Scotland. Muscle Nerve 5:131–133
Holloway SM, Mitchell JD (1986) Motor neurone disease in the Lothian Region of Scotland 1961–1981. J Epidemiol Community Health 40:344–350
Holt S, Hudgins D, Krishnan KR et al. (1976) Diffuse myelitis associated with rubella vaccination. Br Med J 2:1037–1038
Iwashira H, Inoue N, Araki S et al. (1970) Optic atrophy, neurol deafness and distal neurogenic atrophy. Arch Neurol 22:357–364
Jamal GA, Weir Al, Hansen S et al. (1985) Sensory involvement in motor neuron disease: further evidence from automated thermal threshold determination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 48:906–910.
Jennekens FGI, Busch HFM, van Hemel NM et al. (1975) Inflammatory myopathy in scapulo-ilioperoneal atrophy with cardiopathy. A study of two families. Brain 98:709–722
Jones CT, Brock DJH, Chancellor AM et al. (1993) Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutations and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet 342; 1050–1051
Kaeser HE (1965) Scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy. Brain 88:407
Kilness AW, Hochberg FH (1977) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a high selenium environment. JAMA 237:2843–2844
Kono R, Miyamura K, Tajiri E et al. (1974) Neurologic complications associated with acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis virus infection and its serologic confirmation. J Infect Dis 129:590–593
Kugelberg E (1975) Chronic proximal (pseudomyopathic) spinal muscular atrophy. Kugelberg Welander syndrome. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, Vol 22 (II). Elsevier, New York, pp 67–80
Leigh PN, Anderton BH, Dodson A et al. (1988) Ubiquitin deposits in anterior horn cells in motor neurone disease. Neurosci Lett 93:197–203
Levine DP, Lerner AM (1978) The clinical spectrum of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. Med Clin North Am 62:961–978
Lilienfeld DE, Chan E, Ehland J et al. (1989) Increasing mortality from motor neurone disease in the United States during the past two decades. Lancet i:710–713
Lowe J (1994) New pathological findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 124 (Suppl):38–51
Mann DMA, Yates PO (1974) Motor neuron disease - the nature of the pathogenic mechanism. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 37:1036–1046
Martyn CN, Barker DJP, Osmond C (1988) Motoneuron disease and past poliomyelitis in England and Wales. Lancet i:1319–1322
Mawatari S, Katayama K (1973) Scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy with cardiopathy. An X-linked recessive trait, Arch Neurol 28:55–59
Mayor GH, Remedi RF, Sprague SM et al. (1980) Central nervous system manifestations of aluminium: effect of parathyroid hormone. Neurotoxicology 1:33–42
McComas AJ, Upton ARM, Sica REP (1973) Motoneurone disease and ageing. Lancet ii: 1477–1480
McLeod JG, Prineas JW (1971) Distal type of chronic spinal atrophy: clinical electro-physiological and pathological studies. Brain 94:703–714
Mitchell JD (1987) Heavy metals and trace elements in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurol Clin 5:43–60
Mitchell JD, Jackson MJ (1992) Free radicals, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and neurodegenerative disease. In: Smith RA (ed) Handbook of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp 533–541
Mitchell DM, Olczak SA (1979) Remission of a syndrome clinically indistinguishable from motor neurone disease after resection of bronchial carcinoma. B Med J 2:176–177
Mitchell JD, East BW, Harris IA et al. (1986) Trace elements in the spinal cord and other tissues in motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 49:211–215
Mitchell JD, Gibson H, Gatrell AC (1990) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Lancashire and South Cumbria 1976–1986: a geographic study. Arch Neurol 47:875–880
Mitchell JD, East BW, Harris I A, Pentland B (1991) Manganese, selenium and other trace elements in spinal cord, liver and bone in motor neurone disease. Eur Neurol 31:7–11
Mitchell JD, Gatt J A, Phillips TM et al. (1993) Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, free radicals and motoneuron disease. Lancet 342;1051–1052
Mitchell JD, Houghton E, Rostron G et al. (1995) Serial studies of free radical and antioxidant activity in motor neurone disease and the effect of selegline. Neurodegeneration 4:233–235
Mitsumoto H, Salgado ED, Negroski D et al. (1986) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: effects of intravenous and subcutaneous administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in controlled trials. Neurology 36:152–159
Miyata S, Nakamura S, Nagata H et al. (1983) Increased manganese level in spinal cords of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis determined by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. J Neurol Sci 61:283–293
Morrison KE, Harding AE (1994) Disorders of the motor neurone. Baillieres Clin Neurol 3:431–445
Nagata H, Miyata S, Nakamura S et al. (1985) Heavy metal concentration in blood cells in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 67:173–178
Nakagawa S, Yoshida S, Suematsu C et al. (1977) The calcium-magnesium deficient rat: a study on the distribution of calcium in the spinal cord using the electron probe microanalyser. Experientia 33:1225–1226
Neilson S, Robinson I, Clifford Rose F et al. (1993) Rising mortality from motor neurone disease: an explanation. Acta Neurol Scand 87:184–191
Neilson S, Gunnarsson L-G, Robinson I (1994) Rising mortality from motor neurone disease in Sweden 1961–1990: the relative role of increased population life expectancy and environmental factors. Acta Neurol Scand 90:150–159
Noronha ABC, Antel JP, Ross RP et al. (1981) Circulating immune complexes in neurologic disease. Neurology 31:1402–1407
Norris FH, Engel WK (1965) Carcinomatous amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In: Brain WR, Norris FH (eds.) The remote effects of cancer on the nervous system. Grune & Stratton, New York, pp 81–82
Norris FH, U KS (1978) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and low urinary selenium levels. JAMA 239:404
Oldstone MBA, Wilson CB, Perrin LH et al. (1976) Evidence for immune-complex formation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Lancet ii: 169–172
Panse F (1970) Electrical lesions of the nervous system. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW (eds) Handbook of clinical neurology, Vol 7. North Holland, Amsterdam, pp 344–387
Parry GJ, Holtz SJ, Ben-Zeev D et al. (1986) Gammopathy with proximal motor axonopathy simulating motor neuron disease. Neurology 36:273–276
Pederson L, Platz P, Jerseld C et al. (1977) HLA (SD and LD) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 31:313–318
Peters HA, Clatanoff DV (1968) Spinal muscular atrophy secondary to macroglobulinaemia. Neurology 18:101–118
Price TML, Allott EH (1958) The stiff man syndrome. B Med J 1:682
Riise T, Gronning M, Klauber MR et al. (1991) Clustering of residence of multiple sclerosis patients at age 13 to 20 years in Hordaland, Norway. Am J Epidemiol 133:932–939
Romberg MH (1851) Lehrbuch der Nervenkrankheiten des Menschen. 2nd edn. Dunker, Berlin. Translated and edited Sieveking (1853) Sydenham Society, London, pp 371–375
Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D et al. (1993) Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature 362:59–62
Schluep M, Steck A J (1988) Immunostaining of motor nerve terminals by IgM M protein with activity against gangliosides GM1 and GDlb from a patient with motor neuron disease. Neurology 38:1890–18902
Schmidt NJ, Lennette EH, Ho HH (1974) An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system. J Infect Dis 129:304–309
Schwartz MS, Stålberg E, Swash M (1980) Pattern of segmental motor involvement in syringomyelia: a single fibre EMG study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43:150–155
Serratrice GT, Toga M, Pellisier JF (1983) Chronic spinal muscular atrophy and pallidonigral degeneration: report of a case. Neurology 33:306–310
Shaw P (1994) Excitotoxicity and motor neurone disease: a review of the evidence. J Neurol Sci 124 (Suppl): 6–13
Shaw IC, Fitzmaurice PS, Mitchell JD et al. (1995) Studies on cellular free radical protection mechanisms in the anterior horn from patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurodegeneration 4:391–396
Siddique T, Figlewicz DA, Pericak-Vance JL et al. (1991) Linkage of a gene causing familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to chromosome 21 and evidence of genetic locus heterogeneity. N Engl J Med 324:1381–1384
Urbanek K, Jansa P (1974) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - abnormal cellular inflammatory response. Arch Neurol 30:186–187
Vijayalaxmi, Pentland B, Newton MS et al. (1985) Spontaneous and mutagen induced sister chromatid exchange in motor neurone disease. Mutat Res 150:355–358
Viola MV, Lazarus M, Antel J et al. (1982) Nucleic acid probes in the study of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In Rowland LP (ed) Human motor neuron diseases. Raven Press, New York, pp 317–329
Young ID, Harper PS (1980) Herditary distal spinal muscular atrophy with vocal cord paralysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43:413–418
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mitchell, J.D. (1997). Disorders of the Anterior Horn Cell. In: Critchley, E., Eisen, A. (eds) Spinal Cord Disease. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0911-2_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0911-2_20
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1233-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-0911-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive