Skip to main content

Radiologic Diagnosis of Cancer in Pregnancy

  • Chapter
Cancer and Pregnancy

Abstract

Cancer and pregnancy often result in two opposing emotional reactions in young women. One leads to dismay and horror, while the other usually to joyous elation. The patient is inevitably distraught and terrified, whilst the obstetrician and medical advisers are faced with a therapeutic dilemma involving diagnostic, obstetric, perinatal, surgical, physiological and moral issues. The situation is further complicated by the fact that pregnancy may limit adequate physical examination, and make clinical evaluation of the extent of malignant disease difficult. Yet an estimated 1 in 1000 women will be affected by cancer in some form while pregnant.1 The most common malignancies in women aged 15 to 34 years are of the breast, cervix and central nervous system, as well as leukemia, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. In the 35 to 54 age group, cervical, lung, colorectal and ovarian cancer also become more common2 and it is likely that more cases of cancer during pregnancy will be seen as the trend for delaying pregnancy into later reproductive years continues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Donegan WL. Cancer and pregnancy. CA Cancer J Clin 1983; 33: 194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Wingo PA, Tong T, Bolden S. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 1995; 45: 8–30

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Michel C. Radiation embryology. Experientia 1989; 45: 69

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Mole RH. Irradiation of the embryo and fetus. Br J Radiol 1987; 60: 17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mole RH. The effect of prenatal radiation exposure on the developing human brain. Int J Rad Biol 1990; 57: 647

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Moore MM, Shearer DR. Fetal dose estimates for CT pelvimetry. Radiology 1989; 171: 265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bithel JF. Epidemiological studies of children radiated in-utero. In: Baverstock KF, Stather JW (eds) Low dose radiation: biological basis of risk assessment. London: Taylor & Francis, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gilman EA, Stewart AM, Knox EG, Kneale GW. Trends in obstetric radiography, 1931–81. J Radiol Prot 1989; 9: 93–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Shu XO, Jin F, Linet MS, et al. Diagnostic X-ray and ultrasound exposure and risk of childhood cancer. Br J Cancer 1994; 70: 531

    Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Prasad N, Wright DA, Ford JJ, et al. Safety of 4T MR imaging: study of effects on developing frog embryos. Radiology 1990; 174: 251

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Rofsky NM, Pizzarello DJ, Weinreb JC, et al. Effect on fetal mouse development of exposures to MR imaging and gadopentetate dimeglumine. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4: 805

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Hacker NF, Berek JS, Lagasse LD, et al. Carcinoma of the cervix associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1982; 59: 735–46

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kim SH, Choi BI, Lee HP, et al. Uterine cervical carcinoma: comparison of CT and MRI findings. Radiol 1990; 175: 45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kim SH, Choi BI, Han JR, et al. Pre-operative staging of uterine cervical cancer: comparison of CT and MRI in 99 patients. JCAT 1993; 17: 633

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Heller PB, Malfetano JH, Bundy BN, Barnhill DR, Okagaki T. Clinical-pathologic study of Stage IIB, III, and IVA carcinoma of the cervix: extended diagnostic evaluation for paraaortic node metastasis: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 38: 425

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Hawnaur JM, Johnson RJ, Buckley CH, Tindall V, Isherwood I. Staging, volume estimation and assessment of nodal status in carcinoma of the cervix: comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with surgical findings. Clin Radiol 1994; 49: 443

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Martin AJ, Poon CS, Thomas GM, Kapusta LR, Shaw PA, Henkleman RM. MR evaluation of cervical cancer in hysterectomy specimens: correlation of quantitative T2 measurement and histology. J Magn Reson Imaging 1994; 4: 779

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Lien HH, Blomlie V, Iversen T, Trope C, Sundfor K, Abeler VM. Clinical Stage I carcinoma of the cervix: value of MR in determining invasion into the parametrium. Acta Radiol 1993; 34: 130

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Parker SP, Tong T, Bolden S, et al. Cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 1997; 47: 5

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Parente JT, Amsel M, et al. Breast cancer associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 71: 861–4

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Segreti EM. Management of the obstetric patient with malignancy. In: Sciarra JJ, (ed.) Obstetrics and Gynecology (vol 2 ). Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  22. Harms S, Flamig D, Hesley K, et al. MR imaging of the breast with rotating delivery of excitation of resonance: clinical experience with pathologic correlation. Radiology 1993; 187: 493

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Orel S, Schnall M, Powell C, et al. Staging of suspected breast cancer: effect of MR imaging and MR guided biopsy. Radiology 1995; 196: 115

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Khanusur T, Haick A, Patel B. Evaluation of bone scan as a screening work-up in primary and local-regional recurrence of breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 1987; 10: 167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Namura Y, Kondo H, Yamagata J. Evaluation of liver and bone scanning in patients with early breast cancer, based on results obtained from more advanced cancer patients. Eur J Cancer 1978; 14: 1129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Stewart HL, Monto RW. Hodgkin’s disease and pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1952; 63: 570–8

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Rostock R, Giangreco A, Wharam M, et al. CT scan modification in the treatment of mediastinal Hodgkin’s disease. Cancer 1982; 49: 2267

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hopper H, Diehl L, Lesar M, et al. Hodgkin’s disease: clinical utility of CT in initial staging and treatment. Radiology 1988; 169: 17

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Tesoro-Tess J, Balzarini L, Ceglia E, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the initial staging of Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Eur J Radiol 1991; 12: 81

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mauch P, Larsen D, Osteen R, et al. Prognostic factors for positive surgical staging in patients with Hodgkin’s disease. J Clin Oncol 1990; 8: 257

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ward FT, Weiss RB. Lymphoma and pregnancy. Semin Oncol 1989; 16: 397–409

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Hoanne B, Shields A, Porter B, Shulman H. Detection of lymphomatous bone marrow involvement with magnetic resonance imaging. Blood 1991; 78: 728

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chung A, Birnbaum SJ. Ovarian cancer associated with pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1973; 41: 211

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. DePriest PD, Varner E, Powell J, et al. The efficacy of a sonographic morphology index in identifying ovarian cancer: a multi-institutional investigation. Gynecol Oncol 1994; 55: 174

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kurjak A, Shalan H, Kupesic S, et al. An attempt to screen asymptomatic women for ovarian and endometrial cancer with transvaginal ultrasound and pulsed Doppler sonography. J Ultrasound Med 1994; 13: 295

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Taylor KJW, Schwartz PE. Screening for early ovarian cancer. Radiology 1994; 192: 1

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Kier, R, McCarthy SM, Scoutt LM, Viscarello RR, Schwartz PES. Pelvic masses in pregnancy. Radiology 1990; 176: 709–13

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Gastonis C, McNeil BJ. Collaborative evaluations of diagnostic tests: experience of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group. Radiology 1990; 175: 571–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer-Verlag London Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Odunsi, K., Schwartz, P.E., Mari, G. (2001). Radiologic Diagnosis of Cancer in Pregnancy. In: Barnea, E.R., Jauniaux, E., Schwartz, P.E. (eds) Cancer and Pregnancy. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0707-1_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0707-1_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-1184-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-0707-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics