Abstract
It is not possible to provide a comprehensive review of a burgeoning discipline such as immunology, in a single chapter. Instead we have assumed the reader has a basic understanding of immunology and have endeavored to provide an update of recent advances that we consider important. A short reading list of research papers and reviews that we have found helpful is included at the end of the chapter.
Keywords
- Major Histocompatibility Complex
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Class
- Innate Immune System
- Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule
- Cell Tolerance
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Further Reading
Innate Immunity
Medzhitov R, Preston-Hurlburt P, Janeway CA Jr. A human homologue of the Drosphila Toll protein signals activation of innate immunity. Nature 1997,388:394–7.
Yang RB, Mark, MR, Gray A, et al. Toll-like receptor 2 mediates liposaccharide-induced cellular signalling. Nature 1998;395:284–8.
Janeway CA Jr. The road less travelled by: the role of innate immunity in the adaptive immune response. J Immunol 1998;160:539–44.
Kopp EB, Medzhitov R. The toll-receptor family and control of innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 1999;11:13–8.
Complement
Wetsel RA. Structure, function and cellular expression of complement anaphylotoxin receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 1995;7:48–53.
Walport MJ, Lachmann PJ. Complement. In: Lachmann PJ, Peters DK, Rosen FS, Walport MJ. Editors. Clinical aspects of immunology. 5th Edn. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993.
Tomlinson S. Complement defense mechanisms. Curr Opin Immunol 1993;5:83–9.
Brown EJ. Complement receptors and phagocytosis. Curr Opin Immunol 1991;3:76–82.
NK Cells
Lanier, LL. NK cell receptors. Ann. Rev. Immunol 1998;16:359.
Long, E.O. Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors. Ann Rev Immunol 1999;17:875.
Yokoyama WM. Natural killer cell receptors. Curr Opin Immunol 1995;7:110–20.
Lewis CE, McGee JOD. editors. The natural killer cell. IRL Press Oxford. 1992.
MHC Class I and Class II
Bjorkman, P, Saper M, Samraoui B, Bennett W, Strominger J, Wiley D. Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2. Nature 1987;329:506–12.
Brown, J, Jardetzky T, Gorga J, Stern L, Urban R, Strominger J, Wiley D. Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature 1993;364:33–9.
Non-classical MHC Molecules
Braud VM, Allan DSJ, McMichael AJ. Functions of nonclassical MHC and non-MHC-encoded class I molecules. Curr Opin Immunol 1999;11:100–8.
Porcelli SA, Modlin RL. The CD 1 system: antigen-presenting molecules for T cell recognition of lipid and glycolipid. Annu Rev Immunol 1999;17:297–329.
Antigen Processing
Rock KL. Goldberg AL. Degradation of cell proteins and the generation of MHC class I-presented peptides. Ann Rev Immunol 1999;17:739.
Schumacher TNM. Immunology: accessory to murder. Nature 1999;398:26.
T Cell Activation
Matzinger P. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Ann Rev Immunol 1994;12:991.
Bennet SRM, Carbone FR, Karamalis F, Flavell RA, Miller JFAP, Heath WR. Help for cytotoxic-T cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling. Nature 1998;393:478.
Lanzavecchia A. Immunology: Licence to kill. Nature 1998;393:413.
Ridge JP, DiRosa F, Matzinger P. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD8+T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 1998;393:474.
Schoenberger SP, Toes R.E.M, van der Voort EI, Offringa R, Melief CJM. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature 1998;393:480.
Antigen-presenting Cells
Bancherau J, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 1998;392:245.
Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. Mobilizing Dendritic cells for tolerance, priming and chronic inflammation. J Exp Med 1999;189:611.
Memory T Cells
Dutton RW, Bradly LM, Swain SL. T cell memory. Ann Rev Immunol 1998;16:201.
Sallusto F, Lenig D, Forster R, et al. Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions. Nature 1999;401:708–12
B Cell Activation
Campbell KS. Signal transduction from the B cell antigen receptor. Curr Opin Immunol 1999;11:256–64.
Yancopoulos GD, Alt FW. Regulation of the assembly and expression of variable-region genes. Annu Rev Immunol 1986;4:339–68.
Alt FW, Blackwell TK, Yancopoulos GD. Development of the primary antibody repertoire. Science 1987;1079–87.
Mayforth RD. Designing antibodies. San Diego:Academic Press, 1993.
Tolerance
Alam SM, Travers PJ, Wung JL, et al. T-cell receptor affinity and thymocyte positive selection. Nature 1996:616–20.
Jameson SC, Bevan MJ. T-cell selection, Curr Opin Immunol 1998;10:214–9.
Klein L, Klein T, Ruther U, Kyewski B. CD4 T cell tolerance to human C-reactive protein, an inducible serum protein, is mediated by medullary thymic epithelium. J Exp Med 1998, 188:5–16
Rocha B, von Boehmer H. Peripheral selection of the T cell repetoire. Science 1991;251:1225–8.
Jamieson BD, Douek DC, Killian S, et al. Generation of functional thymocytes in the human adult. Immunity 1999;10:569–75.
Janeway CA Jr, Kupfer A, Viret C, et al. T cell development, survival and signalling: a new concept of the role of self-peptide:self-MHC complexes. Immunologist 1998;6:5–12.
Janeway CA Jr. Thymic selection: two pathways to life and two to death. Immunity 1994;1:3–6.
Miller JFAP, Morahan G. Peripheral tolerance. Annu Rev Immunol 1992;10:51–69.
Miller JFAP, Morahan G, Allison J, Hoffman M. A transgenic approach to the study of peripheral T-cell tolerance. Immunol Rev 1991;122:103–16.
Nossal GJV. Cellular mechanisms of immunological tolerance. Annu Rev Immunol 1983;1:33–62.
Nossal GJV, Pike BL. Clonal anergy: persistence in tolerant mice of antigen-binding B lymphocytes incapable of responsding to antigen or mitogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1980;77:1602–6.
Goodnow CC, Crosbie J, Adelstein S, Lavoie TB, Smith-Gill SJ, Brink RA, et al. Altered immunoglobulin expression and functional silencing of self-reactive B lymphocytes in transgenic mice. Nature 1988;334:676–82.
Hartley SB, Crosbie J, Brink R, Kantor AB, Basten A, Goodnow CC. Elimination from peripheral lymphoid tissues of self-reactive B lymphocytes recognizing membrane-bound antigen. Nature 1991;353:765–9.
Gray D, Skarvall H. B cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. Nature 1988;336:70–2.
Gray D, Matzinger P. T cell memory is short-lived in the absence of antigen. J Exp Med 1991;174:969–74.
Lau LL, Jamieson BD, Somasundaram R, Ahmed R. Cytotoxic T cell memory without antigen. Nature 1994,369:648–652.
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Plunkett, T.A., Correa, I., Miles, D.W. (2002). Principles of Immunology. In: Zbar, A.P., Guillou, P.J., Bland, K.I., Syrigos, K.N. (eds) Immunology for Surgeons. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0201-4_1
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