Abstract
The concept of composites is based on combining different materials to obtain a unique material exhibiting better properties than either of the original constituents independently. The idea is not recent, since straw-reinforced clay bricks, which are tougher than clay bricks, are reported in biblical references (Daniel and Ishai, 1994) and were used in ancient Egypt, India and China. In order to cover a wide range of mechanical properties and service temperatures, today's composites make use of a variety of matrices, including polymers (polymer matrix composites, PMCs), metals (MMCs) or ceramic (CMCs), as well as a diverse range of reinforcements made from polymers, carbon, glass, metals or ceramics. Polymers were commercially available in 1835 (Trantina and Nimmer, 1994), but it required the introduction of glass fibre technology, 100 years later, for fibre-reinforced plastics (FRPs) to appear (Daniel and Ishai, 1994). Some consider that the emergence of FRPs in the late 1930s marked the beginning of the Age of Designed Materials (Cogswell, 1992). Key dates are highlighted in Table 1.1.
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Ageorges, C., Ye, L. (2002). Introduction. In: Fusion Bonding of Polymer Composites. Engineering Materials and Processes. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0171-0_1
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