Abstract
The “leftist patriotic schools”, which catered largely to new immigrant children, have formed, in effect, an invisible inner city that closes in an identity, an experience and an ideology entirely different from those on the outside. A common school life and a common identity label imposed upon them from the outside have resulted in a particular draw between these immigrant children so that each becomes “one of us”. Since it is built upon the less sophisticated rapport of former schoolmates, their friendships have lasted relatively longer. The distance in time and space has always been an arch-nemesis of relationships: the passage of time reduces mellowness to insipidity, while the widening of space alienates the originally familiar. There are exceptions, of course, but the psychological closeness that new immigrants once felt for one another as “one of us”, and the friendships they built among themselves as former schoolmates, could never have endured and grown and continued to play a positive role in immigrant entrepreneurship had it not been for the existence of intermediary organisations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Peter Berger, Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective (Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, 1963).
- 2.
Ah Tsan’, originally a character in the TV series “The Good, The Bad and the Ugly” (1970), was a popular derogatory term for uneducated and “uncouth” new immigrants from mainland China until recent years.
- 3.
Fei Xiaotong, Xiangtu Zhongguo [From the Soil: The Foundations of Chinese Society] (Beijing: Sanlian shudian, 1985).
- 4.
Georg Simmel, “Faithfulness and Gratitude” in Kurt Wolff ed. and trans. The Sociology of Georg Simmel (Glencoe, Illinois: The Free Press, 1950), pp. 388–389.
- 5.
The Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination is a standardised examination which most local students sit for at the end of their 5-year secondary education. The equivalent in the United Kingdom is the GCSE exams.
- 6.
Li Qiang, “‘Xinli erchong quyu’ yu zhongguo de wenjuan diaocha” [“‘Double Psychological Spheres’ and Opinion Surveys in China”], Shehuixue Yanjiu [Sociological Research], No. 1, 2000, p. 40.
- 7.
Richard J. Coughlin, Double Identity: The Chinese in Modern Thailand (Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1960); Edmund Terence Gomez and Michael Hsiao Hsin-Huang, “Chinese Business Research in Southeast Asia”, in Chinese Business Research in Southeast Asia: Contesting Cultural Explanations, Researching Entrepreneurship, eds., Edmund Terence Gomez and Michael Hsiao Hsin-Huang (Surrey, U.K.: Curzon Press, 2001), pp. 1–37.
- 8.
Wong Siu Lun, Emigrant Entrepreneurs: Shanghai Industrialists in Hong Kong (Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1988).
- 9.
Mark Granovetter, “The Strength of Weak Ties”, American Journal of Sociology, 78 (1973), pp. 1360–1380. Granovetter measures the strengths and weaknesses of interpersonal ties in four aspects: amount of time for interaction, emotional intensity, intimacy and reciprocal services.
- 10.
Edmund Terence Gomez and Michael Hsiao Hsin-Huang, “Chinese Business Research in Southeast Asia”.
- 11.
Peter Berger, Invitation to Sociology.
- 12.
Tung Yuan-chao, “Guding de tianye yu youyi de zhoubian: Yi Daxidi Huaren wei li” [“Stable Fields and Moving Boundaries: The Chinese in Tahiti as an Illustration”], in W.T. Chen and Y.K. Huang, eds., Shequn yanjiu de xingsi [Reflections on Community Studies] (Taipei: Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica, 2002), pp. 303–329.
- 13.
Ibid.
- 14.
Richard J. Coughlin, Double Identity; Edmund Terence Gomez and Michael Hsiao Hsin-Huang, “Chinese Business Research in Southeast Asia”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kwok-bun, C., Wai-wan, C. (2011). Associations: Mediating Self-Identities. In: Mobile Chinese Entrepreneurs. International Series on Consumer Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9643-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9643-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4419-9642-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9643-5
eBook Packages: Behavioral ScienceBehavioral Science and Psychology (R0)