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Conceptual, Operational, and Theoretical Overview of African American Health Related Disparities for Social and Behavioral Interventions

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Handbook of African American Health

Abstract

The purpose of this handbook is to share information about evidence-based approaches for the reduction of health disparities in the USA. It brings information about intervention research that affects African Americans. For this project, there are three initial concepts: African Americans, health disparities, and intervention. This chapter reviews selected literature to provide definitions and framing. In this process, the chapter offers conceptual, operational, and theoretical reconsiderations.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Strain refers to stress from actions or force that deforms a social organization. In short, strain produces unexpected public health outcomes. Strain implies capricious application of policies. Major structural strains are class, gender, and race. They imply capricious treatment in social organization. Disorganization and disadvantage imply strain.

  2. 2.

    There are two technical background details related to this discussion. One has to do with early work on ecological fallacies. This would become clearer below since a great deal of research has rehabilitated ecological approaches. Nonetheless, the work of W.S. Robinson might interest some health disparity intervention researchers (Robinson, 1950). Herbert Blalock responded by suggesting the necessity of including aggregate, ecological, data in social research studies while cautioning such designs must be conceptually sound (Blalock, 1979). Moreover, Davis and his colleagues suggested the importance of including both individual and aggregate level data in research designs (Davis, Spaeth, & Huson, 1961). A second technicality has been with the validity and reliability of outcome measures of disparities. For example, a mental health outcome that compares groups with advantages to groups with disadvantages, that is, between group differences. Brown and his colleagues present a lucid discussion of this problem (Brown et al., 1999).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Sociology, John Jay College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA

    Anthony J. Lemelle

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  1. Anthony J. Lemelle
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Correspondence to Anthony J. Lemelle .

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  1. John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, Tenth Ave. 899, New York, 10019, New York, USA

    Anthony J. Lemelle

  2. , Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State, Blacksburg, 24061, USA

    Wornie Reed

  3. , Sociology and Criminal Justice, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, 30314, Georgia, USA

    Sandra Taylor

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Lemelle, A.J. (2011). Conceptual, Operational, and Theoretical Overview of African American Health Related Disparities for Social and Behavioral Interventions. In: Lemelle, A., Reed, W., Taylor, S. (eds) Handbook of African American Health. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9616-9_1

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