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Mechanisms of Memory and Learning in the Auditory System

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Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System

Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 41))

Abstract

What are the cellular mechanisms underlying memory and learning? This question has puzzled scientists and philosophers from Aristotelis, who proposed the hypothesis that the heart is the site of learning (Aristotle 350 B.C.E), to John Locke and his wax tablet analogy (Locke 1689), to contemporary ideas regarding synaptic plasticity (Bliss and Lomo 1973). Indeed, long-term synaptic plasticity of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus is the leading experimental model for the synaptic changes that may underlie learning and memory. Activity-dependent long-lasting enhancement in synaptic strength (long-term potentiation, LTP) requires co-activation of a certain number of inputs (“cooperativity”). In addition, LTP exhibits “associativity,” meaning that when weak stimulation of one input is insufficient for the induction of LTP, simultaneous (associative) strong stimulation of another input will induce LTP in both inputs. Persistence, cooperativity, and associativity have rendered LTP a candidate mechanism supporting learning behaviors, beginning with studies in the 1970s.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by NIDCD grant R01DC007905 to TT and by a grant from the American Tinnitus Foundation to TT.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, BST3 10021, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA

    Thanos Tzounopoulos

  2. Department of Physiology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Ricardo M. Leão

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  1. Thanos Tzounopoulos
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  2. Ricardo M. Leão
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Correspondence to Thanos Tzounopoulos .

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  1. Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, SW. Sam Jackson Park Rd. 3181, Portland, 97239-3098, Oregon, USA

    Laurence O. Trussell

  2. , Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742-4415, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  3. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Tzounopoulos, T., Leão, R.M. (2012). Mechanisms of Memory and Learning in the Auditory System. In: Trussell, L., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 41. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9517-9_9

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