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Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System pp 165–185Cite as

Inhibitory Neurons in the Auditory Brainstem

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Part of the book series: Springer Handbook of Auditory Research ((SHAR,volume 41))

Abstract

Most chapters in this volume address the function of the major excitatory synapses in the lower auditory pathways, with respect to coincidence detection, the ion channels that determine neuronal firing, and the control of excitation through modulation and plasticity. However, none of these processes can be understood at a functional level without considering synaptic inhibition. Indeed, inhibition through GABAergic and glycinergic interneurons is likely to play an essential role in controlling the excitation at every level of central auditory processing. The present chapter examines inhibitory interneurons in several contexts in order to illustrate the diversity of their cellular mechanisms and circuit-level function, with a focus on the auditory brainstem. The term “interneuron” is used loosely; in fact, inhibitory cells are so fundamental to auditory processing that individual neurons may act as both proper interneurons (intrinsic neurons, i.e., those inhibiting within a local circuit) and inhibitory projection neurons (inhibiting across brainstem nuclei or regions). After introducing the study of interneurons and their general function, the chapter examines two prominent examples from the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex, rather than provide an exhaustive summary of all known auditory interneurons. Then four aspects of interneuron physiology are explored: the control of the reversal potential for Cl−, the gating properties of the receptor-channel complex, the role of corelease of the transmitters GABA and glycine from interneuronal synapses; and, lastly, mechanisms for prolonging the action of the transmitter.

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Acknowledgments

I wish to thank Mr. Dan Yaeger and Dr. Donata Oertel for comments on the manuscript. Dr. Gareth Price provided data for Fig. 7.5. Support was provided by the NIH (grants NS028901 and DC004450).

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  1. Vollum Institute, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 Southwest Sam Jackson Park Road, L335A, Portland, OR, 97239, USA

    Laurence O. Trussell

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  1. Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, SW. Sam Jackson Park Rd. 3181, Portland, 97239-3098, Oregon, USA

    Laurence O. Trussell

  2. , Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742-4415, Maryland, USA

    Arthur N. Popper

  3. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, 02543, Massachusetts, USA

    Richard R. Fay

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Trussell, L.O. (2012). Inhibitory Neurons in the Auditory Brainstem. In: Trussell, L., Popper, A., Fay, R. (eds) Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System. Springer Handbook of Auditory Research, vol 41. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9517-9_7

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