Abstract
The term catalysis was coined by Berzelius* in 1835, and catalysts are defined as substances which by their mere presence evoke chemical reactions that would not otherwise take place. Ostwald** was the first to emphasize that a catalyst influences the rate of a chemical reaction but has no effect on the position of equilibrium because it accelerates the forward and the reverse reactions with equal intensity. Ostwald’s famous definition was: “A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself appearing in the end products”. A catalyst is adequately compared to a coin that activates a slot machine to yield a valuable product, along with the coin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
D. R. Stull, E. F. Westrum, Jr., and G. C. Sinke, The Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Wiley, New York 1969.
R. B. Anderson, J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 4806; R. B. Anderson, H. Kobel, and M. Ralek, The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Academic Press, New York 1984.
R. P. Planalp and R. A. Andersen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 7774.
W. A. Herrmann, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1982, 21, 117.
P. M. Loggenberg, L. Carlton, R. G. Copperthwaite, and G. J. Hutchings, J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Common. 1987 1987, 541; H. Bock, G. Tschmutowa, and H. P. Wolf, J. Chem. Soc, Chem. Commun. 1986, 1068.
F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C. A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 6th ed., Wiley, New York 1999, p. 1250.
J. Halpern, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1981, 50, 11.
E. L. Muetterties, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 1981, 50, 1.
G. W Parshall and S. D. Ittel, Homogeneous Catalysis, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York 1992.
C. Masters, Homogeneous Transition-Metal Catalysis: A Gentle Art, Chapman and Hall, London 1980.
J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63 (March); see: G. W. Parshalland and R. E. Putscher, p. 189; B. Goodell, p. 191; R. L. Pruett, p. 199; D. Fosterand and T. W. De Kleva, p. 204.
D. Antolovic and E. R. Davidson, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5828; B. Cornils, in: J. Falbe, Ed., New Synthesis with Carbon Monoxide, Springer, Berlin 1980.
A. J. Chalk and J. F. Harrod, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 1968, 6, 119.
R. F. Heck and D. S. Breslow, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 4023.
R. L. Pruett, J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 196; R. L. Pruett, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 1979, 17, 1.
C. D. Wood and P. E. Garrou, Organometallics, 1984, 3, 170.
I. Wender, S. Metlin, S. Ergun, H. W Sternberg, and H. Greenfield, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 5401.
I. Theodosiou, R. Barone, and M. Chanon, J. Mol. Catal. 1985, 32, 27.
J. D. Atwood, Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms, 2nd ed., VCH Publishers, New York 1997, pp. 207–210
Ref. 6, p. 1269ff.
Ref. 19a, p. 214.
W. C. Seidel and C. A. Tolman, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1983, 415, 201.
C. A. Tolman, R. J. McKinney, W C. Seidel, J. D. Druliner, and W. R. Stevens, Adv. Catal. 1985, 33, 1.
Ref. 19a, p. 215.
K. Ziegler, Adv. Organomet. Chem. 1968, 6, 1.
K. H. Reichart, in: R. P. Quirk, Ed., Transition Metal Catalysed Polymerisation, Horwood, Chichester 1983.
P. Pino and B. Rotzinger, Macromol. Chem. Phys. Suppl. 1984, 7, 41.
Ref. 19a, p. 222.
W. H. Brown, Organic Chemistry, Saunders College Publishing, New York 1995, p. 195.
F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th ed., Wiley, New York 1988, p. 1259.
J. A. Ewen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 6355.
M. L. Tobe, Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms, Thomas Nelson, London 1972, p. 171 ff.
J. J. Eisch and A. M. Piotrowski, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 7219.
P. L. Watson and G. W. Parshall, Acc. Chem. Res. 1985, 18, 51.
G. Jeske, H. Lauke, H. Mauermann, P. N. Swepston, H. Schumann, and T. J. Marks, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 8091.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ašperger, S. (2003). Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis by Metals and Transition Metal Complexes. In: Chemical Kinetics and Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9276-5_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9276-5_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4871-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9276-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive