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The Group B Coxsackieviruses as Vaccines and Vectors

  • Chapter
Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 248))

  • 143 Accesses

Abstract

Nearly all of what is understood about vaccinating against human enteroviruses comes from studies on the poliovirus (PV) vaccines. These highly successful products have eradicated poliomyelitis wherever they have been rigorously applied. At present, there are no other vaccines commercially available against human enteroviruses other than those against the PV. The group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are the best studied non-polio enteroviruses primarily because of their association with serious human diseases that include acute viral inflammatory heart disease and pancreatitis. Like the PV, different studies have reported on the use of inactivated as well as attenuated vaccines against the group B coxsackieviruses (CVB). In addition, subunit vaccines as well as chimeric attenuated strains that express antigenic epitopes other than those of the vector strain itself have been reported. These studies have used the excellent murine models of CVBinduced myocarditis. Attenuation of a virulent or pathogenic CVB strain can be accomplished by site-specific mutagenesis or by creating recombinant chimeric CVB genomes. These viruses act as useful serotype-specific vaccine strains. The CVB are capable of expressing both foreign antigenic epitopes as well as biologically active proteins from within the viral single open reading frame. Expression of foreign (non-CVB3) antigens by a CVB3 vector can elicit a host immune response against the foreign antigen even in the face of pre-existing anti-vector immunity. More recently, inoculation of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice with CVB has been effective to suppress the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in these mice. Together, the data suggest the CVB represent a robust and useful vaccine and vector system with high potential for clinical use.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Enterovirus Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6495, USA

    N. M. Chapman PhD, K.-S. Kim PhD & S. Tracy PhD

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  1. N. M. Chapman PhD
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  2. K.-S. Kim PhD
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  3. S. Tracy PhD
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  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Akira Matsumori MD, PhD

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Chapman, N.M., Kim, KS., Tracy, S. (2003). The Group B Coxsackieviruses as Vaccines and Vectors. In: Matsumori, A. (eds) Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 248. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9264-2_22

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