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Links Between Viral Infections and Heart Disease

  • Chapter
Book cover Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure

Part of the book series: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine ((DICM,volume 248))

  • 129 Accesses

Abstract

Several different viruses have been isolated from diseased heart tissues of infants and children, rarely adults. Molecular nucleic acid (in situ hybridization and PCR) and serologic studies of adult heart tissues and sera, respectively, identified five potential major viral etiologic agents of heart disease, with enteroviruses being most frequent. Most coxsackievirus, specifically CVB3, strains (~80%) isolated from humans are not cardiovirulent in mice. Excellent CVB3-murine models of acute and chronic myocarditis exist. The age, gender and genetic background of the murine strain at infection with a cardiovirulent CVB3 determine whether acute myocarditis is resolved or transits to chronic heart disease. In murine models of CVB3-induced chronic disease, infectious virus is rarely isolated from heart tissue at 14-20 days post-inoculation (pj.), yet months later in situ hybridization or RT-PCR can detect CVB3 genomic sequences in focal myocardial lesions. Murine strains with CVB3-induced chronic myocarditis develop humoral and cell-mediated autoimmune responses to cardiac myosin and other normal host molecules. Some neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to CVB3 recognize epitopes on cardiac myosin and induce myocardial disease. Conversely, some monoclonal antibodies to murine and human cardiac myosin neutralize CVB3 or bind to epitopes on CVB3 capsid proteins. CVB3 infection of murine strains with specific genetic backgrounds induces chronic myocarditis whose immunopathogenesis involves autoimmune responses via molecular mimicry to heart tissue antigens. However, the persistent viral RNA in heart tissue cells provides the focus, via induction of proinflammatory cytokines, for targeting autoimmune responses to induce focal myocardial lesions in those strains of mice that develop CVB3-induced chronic myocarditis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

    Charles J. Gauntt PhD, Richard Montellano BS & Timothy A. Skogg MS

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  1. Charles J. Gauntt PhD
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  2. Richard Montellano BS
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  3. Timothy A. Skogg MS
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

    Akira Matsumori MD, PhD

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Gauntt, C.J., Montellano, R., Skogg, T.A. (2003). Links Between Viral Infections and Heart Disease. In: Matsumori, A. (eds) Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 248. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9264-2_19

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9264-2_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4865-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-9264-2

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