Abstract
Hypospadias, one of the most common malformations in man, is characterized by an abnormal position of the urethral meatus and different degrees of ventral curvature of the penis. Hypospadias arises due to a defect in the urethral development during fetal week 8 to 16 causing the meatus to be located on the underside of the penis. Earlier disturbance of the urethral development will result in a more severe hypospadias (figure 1a and b). In severe cases the penis is curved, short and with the urethral opening in the scrotum or perineum. The most severe cases are boys born with ambiguous genitalia. The registered incidence in Sweden according to the Swedish Malformation Registry is 1:500 boys, but the malformation is probably underreported and the estimated incidence is likely to be about 1:300 (Källén and Winberg 1982).
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Nordenskjöld, A. (2004). Genetic and Clinical Studies on Hypospadias. In: Baskin, L.S. (eds) Hypospadias and Genital Development. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 545. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8995-6_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8995-6_5
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