Abstract
Viral Hepatitis B and C are responsible for a significant burden of disease worldwide. Acute infection is rare in childhood but chronic asymptomatic infection carrying with it a significant risk of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma is of significant concern (Bellentani et al., 1999; Chu, 2000).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Badizadegan, K., Jonas, M., and Ott, M.J. (1998). Histopathology of the liver in children with chronic hepatitis C viral infection. Hepatology 28, 1416–1423.
Bellentani, S., Pozzato, G., and Saccoccio, G. (1999). Clinical course and risk factors of hepatitis C virus related liver disease in the general population: Report from the Dionysos study. Gut 44, 874–880.
Bortolotti, F., Jara, P., Barbera, C., Gregorio, G.V., Vegnente, A., Zancan, L. et al. (2000). Long term affect of alpha interferon in children with chronic hepatitis B. Gut 46, 715–718.
Boxall, E., Sira, J., El Shukri, N., and Kelly, D.A. (2003). Persistence of hepatitis B antibody in children vaccinated in infancy in a low endemicity country. 11th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis & Liver Disease, Sydney.
Boxall, E., Sira, J., Standish, R.A., Sleight, E., Adeodu, O., Dhillon, A.P. et al. (2004). The natural history of hepatitis B in perinatally infected carriers. Arch. Dis. Child. In press.
Bramley, J.C., Wallace, L.A., Ahmed, S., Duff, R., Carman, W.I., Cameron, S.O. et al. (2002). Universal hepatitis B vaccination of UK Adolescents: A feasibility and acceptability study. Commun. Dis. Public Health 5, 318–320.
Chang, M.H., Chen, C.J., and Lai, M.S. (1997). Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan and the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in children. N. Eng. J. Med. 336, 1855–1859.
Chang, M.H. (2002). Viral mutants and fulminant hepatitis. A dominant hepatitis B virus population defective in virus secretion because of several S-gene mutations from a patient with fulminant hepatitis. J. Pediat. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 34(4), 426.
Choo, Q.L., Kuo, G., Weiner, A.J., Overby, L.R., Bradley, D.W., and Houghton, M. (1989). Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A non-B viral hepatitis genome. Science 22A, 359–362.
Chu, C.M. (2000). Natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in adults, emphasis on the occurrence of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatotol. 15 Supplement, E25-E30.
European Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Network. (2001). Effects of mode of delivery and infant feeding on the risk of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis C virus. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 108(4), 371–377.
Honda, M., Kaneko, S., and Sakai, A. (1994). Degree of diversity of hepatitis C virus quasispecies and progression of liver disease. Hepatology 20, 1141–1151.
Jara, P. and Bortolotti, F. (1999). Interferon-α treatment of chronic hepatitis B in childhood: A consensus advice based on experience in European children. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 29, 163–170.
Jonas, M., Kelly, D., and Mizerski, J. (2002). Clinical trial of Lamivudine in children with chronic hepatitis B. N. Eng. J. Med. 346, 1706–1713.
Kelly, D.A., Bunn, S., and Apelian, D. (2001). Safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of interfeon alfa 2B plus ribavirin in children with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 34, 342A.
Krogsgaard, K., Marcellin, P., and Trepo, C. (1996). Prednisolone withdrawal therapy enhances the effect of human lymphoblastoid interferon in chronic hepatitis B. INTERPRED Trial Group. J. Hepatol. 25, 803–813.
Marcellin, P., Chang, T.T., Lim, S.G., Tong, M.J., Sievert, W., Shiftman, M.L. et al. (2003). Adefovir Dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. N. Engl. J. Med. 348(9), 808–816.
Perillo, R., Schiff, E., Magill, A., and Murray, A. (1999). In vivo demonstration of sensitivity of YMDD variants to adefovir. Gastroenterology 116A, 1261.
Poynard, T., McHutchison, J., and Manns, M. (2002). Impact of pegylated interferon alfa-2b and ribavirin on liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 122(5), 1303–1313.
Resti, M., Azzari, C., Mannelli, F., and Tuscany Study Group on hepatitis C infection in children. (1998). Mother to child transmission of hepatitis C virus: Prospective study of risk factors and timing of infection in children born to women seronegative for HIV-1. BMJ 317, 437–441.
Roberts, E.A., King, S.M., Fearon, M., and McGee, N. (1998). Hepatitis C in children after transfusion: Assessment by look-back studies. Acta Gastroenteml. Belgica. 61(2), 195–197.
Ruiz-Extremera, A., Salmeron, J., and Torres, C. (2000). Follow-up of transmission of hepatitis C to babies of human immunodeficiency virus-negative women: the role of breast-feeding in transmission. Pediatr. Infect. Dis.J. 19(6), 511–516.
Schwarz, K.B. (2003). The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of peginterferon alfa-2a (40KD) in children with chronic hepatitis C. Digestive Disease Conference, USA.
Terrault, N.A. (2002). Treatment of recurrent hepatitis B infection in liver transplant recipients. Liver transpl. 8(10 Supplement 1), S74–S81.
Thomas, S.L., Newell, M.L., Peckham, C.S., Ades, A.F., and Hall, A.J. (1998). A review of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission: Risks of transmission to infants born to mothers with and without HCV viraemia or human immunodeficiency virus infection. International J. Epidemol. 27, 108–117.
Villamil, F.G. (2002). Hepatitis B: progress in the last 15 years, (Review). Liver transpl. 8(10 Supplement 1), S59–S66.
Vogt, M., Lang, T., and Frosner, G. (1999). Prevalence and clinical outcome of hepatitis C infection in children who underwent cardiac surgery before the implementation of blood donor screening. N. Engl. J. Med. 341, 866–870.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kelly, D. (2004). Viral Hepatitis in Children. In: Pollard, A.J., McCracken, G.H., Finn, A. (eds) Hot Topics in Infection and Immunity in Children. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 549. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8993-2_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8993-2_12
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4751-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8993-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive