Skip to main content

Economic Impact of Combinatorial Materials Science on Industry and Society [1]

  • Chapter

Abstract

Research and development (R&D) funding within the chemical process industry averages 3.5% of sales, or about $12–14 billion annually in the United States, and is focused mostly on process development and support of downstream activities. This R&D supports annual sales of chemicals of over $400 billion that in turn feed into critical US industries and account for over $1.2 trillion in product sales and service in downstream value.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   219.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   279.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References and Notes

  1. Link, A.N. Basic research and productivity increase in manufacturing: Additional evidence. Am. Econ. Rev. 1981, 71(12) 1111–1112.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Griliches, Z. Productivity, R&D and basic research at the firm level in the 1970’s. Am. Econ. Rev. 1986, 76, 141–154.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Krogh, L.C. Measuring and improving laboratory productivity/quality. Res. Manage. 1987, November–December, 22–24.

    Google Scholar 

  4. For example, Ellis, L.W., Curtis, C.C. ‘Speedy R&D: How beneficial? Res.-Technol. Manage. 1995, July–August, 42–51.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Grove, A.S., Only the Paranoid Survive: How to Exploit the Crisis Points That Challenge Every Company, 1999, New York: Bantam Books

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fairley, P. Chem. Week August 12, 1998, 18); Fairley P., Scott, A. Chemi. Week August 11, 1999, 27–32; Wood, A.; Scott, A., Chem. Week August 9, 2000, 39–42; Borman, S. Chem. Eng. News August 27, 2001, 49–58; Lonergan, M. Chem. Eng. News, March 26, 2001, 230; Watkins, K. Chem. Eng. News, October 22, 2001, 30–34.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Henderson, R., Clark, K. Architectural innovation: reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of large firms. Admin. Sci. Q., 1990, 35, 9–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Tushman, M., Anderson, P. Technological discontinuities and organizational environments, Admin. Sci. Qu., 1986, 31, 439–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Miertus, S. Trends and applications of combinatorial chemistry and combinatorial technologies, Workshop, Budapest, Hungary, Oct. 15, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Anon. The world in 1997. Economist 1996; Anon. Mercky waters. Economist May 24, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Miertus, S. (Ed.), ICS-UNIDO Expert Group Meeting on Computational and Combinatorial Chemistry, Trieste, Italy, January 30, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Anon., R&D Mag. October, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  13. The amount of funding being cut from industry R&D for this trend and how much is being invested by the supply chain is not readily available. Supplier R&D figures generally do not show up as expenditures by the operating industry but are buried in the R&D of the vendors and therefore are not in the available statistics. Studt, T., Duga, J.J. Industry spends big on development while Feds focus on research, R&D Mag. March 2000 (http://www.rdmag.com/features/0100forecast_forecast.htm).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Hume, C., Schmitt, B. A dose of caution: Revising intermediates prospects. Chem. Week, April 26, 2000, 35–G5.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Zahr, S.A. Outsourcing: A new reality in the pharmaceutical industry. Chim. Oggi 2000, May, 18–19.

    Google Scholar 

  16. National Science Foundation, Science and Engineering Indicators—2002, http://www.nsf.gov

    Google Scholar 

  17. Booz-Allen Hamilton estimate in Branscomb L.M., Auerwald, P.E. Between invention and innovation: An analysis of funding for early-stage technology development. NIST GCR-02-841. November, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Schultz, P.G. et al., Combinatorial synthesis of organometallic materials, US Patent 6,420,179, July 16, 2002; Schultz, P. G. et al., Combinatorial screening of inorganic and organometallic materials, US Patent 6,410,331, June 25, 2002); Schultz, P.G. et al., Combinatorial synthesis of novel materials, US Patent 6,346,290, February 12, 2002; Schultz, P.G. et al., Combinatorial synthesis of novel materials, US Patent 6,326,090, December 4, 2001); Schultz, P.G. et al., Combinatorial synthesis of novel materials, US Patent 6,004,617, December 21, 1999; Schultz, P.G. et al., Combinatorial synthesis of novel materials, US Patent 5,985,356, November 16, 1999; Schultz, P.G. et al., Giant magnetoresistive cobalt oxide compounds, US Patent 5,776,359, July 7, 1998 (developed under contract no. DE-AC03-76SF00098 awarded by the Department of Energy and assigned to Symyx Technologies).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Anon., R&D Mag., June 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Maxwell, I. ATP/AIChE Workshop on HTE for Materials Research, Los Angeles, CA, November 15, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  21. ICS-UNIDO Expert Working Group on Computational and Combinatorial Chemistry, Juraquino, Mexico, May 29–31, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vision 2020 Roadmapping Workshop, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, June 1, 2000, available at http://www. nist.gov/combi.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Advanced Technology Program HTE Project Review, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD, October 19, 2001, available at http://www.atp.nist.gov/www/ccmr/ccmr_off.htm.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Shephard, C., Payson, S. U.S. Corporate R&D. Vol. 2, Company Information on Top 500 Firms in R&D, 1999, Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, available at http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/nsf00302/pdf/ nsf00302.pdf

    Google Scholar 

  25. Fairley, P. Chem. Week August 11, 1999, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Symyx Technologies 10-K, March 19, 2002, retrieved from http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/ 1095330/000089161802001268/f79645e10-k.htm#010

    Google Scholar 

  27. Rouhi, A.M. Chemspec in Basel draws good crowd. Chem. Eng. News 2002, 80 (29), 63–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Anon., Materials research for electronic: Avantium Technologies and Industrial Technology Research Institute, Taiwan. Chemical Business Newsbase, April 26, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  29. The Catalyst Group, Combinatorial catalysis (A multi-client study), February, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Xiang, X.-D., Sun, X., Briceno, G., Lou, Y., Wang, K.-A., Chang, H., Wallace-Freedman, W. G., Chen, S.-W, Schultz, P. G. Science 1995, 268, 1738–1740; Jandeleit, B., Schaefer, D.J., Powers, T.S., Turner, H.W, Weinberg, W.H. Angew. Chem.-Int. Ed. 1999, 38 (17), 2495–2532.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Holmgren, J. presented at CombiCat 2001, Catalyst Group, Philadelphia, PA, November 2001; Combi2002, Knowledge Foundation, San Diego, CA, January 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Li, G. presented at CombiCat 2001, Catalyst Group, Philadelphia, PA, November 2001; Combi2002, Knowledge Foundation, San Diego, CA, January 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Cohan, P. presented at Combi2002, Knowledge Foundation, San Diego, CA, January 2002; http://www.symyx.com

    Google Scholar 

  34. Thomke, S., Von Hippel, E., Franke, R., Modes of experimentation: An innovation process and competitive variable. Res. Policy 1998, 27, 315–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Boer, P. The Valuation of Technology, 1999, New York: John Wiley; The Real Options Solution: Finding Total Value in a High-Risk World, 2002, New York: John Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Krogh, L.C. Measuring and improving laboratory productivity/ quality, Res.-Technol. Manage. 1987 30 (6), 22–24; Meinhart, W.A., Pederson, J.A. Measuring the performance of R&D professionals, Res.-Technol. Manage. 1989 32 (4), 19–21; Packer, M.B. Analyzing productivity in R&D organizations, Res.-Technol. Manage. 1983, 26 (1), 13–20; Pappas, R.A., Remer, D.S. Measuring R&D productivity, Res.-Technol. Manage., 1985 28 (3), 15–22; Schainblatt, A.H. How companies measure the productivity of engineers and scientists, Res.-Technol. Manage., 1982 25 (3), 10–18; Szakonyi, R. Measuring R&D effectiveness—I, Res.-Technol. Manage. 1994, 37 (2), 27–32; Szakonyi, R. Measuring R&D effectiveness—II, Res.-Technol. Manage. 1994, 37 (3), 44–55; Whiteley, R.L., Parish, T., Dressler, R., Nicholson, G. Evaluating R&D performance using the new sales ratio, Res.-Technol. Manage. 1998, 41 (5), 20.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Werner, B.M., Souder, W.E. “Measuring R&D performance—U.S. and German practices,” Res.-Technol. Manage. 1997, 40 (3) 28–32; Werner, B.M.; Souder, W.E. Measuring R&D performance—State of the art. Res.-Technol. Manage. 1997, 40 (2), 34–42, and references cited therein.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Busch, J.V.Combinatorial analysis: How much is it worth? Res.-Technol. Manage., March–April, 2001, pp. 38–45.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Anonymous, Chemical Business Newsbase (Cambridge), Aug 20, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Holmgren, J.presented at Combi 2002, Knowledge Foundation, San Diego, CA, January 2002; Dahl, I., Karlsson, A., Akporiaye, D.E., Wendelbo, R., Vanden Bussche, K.M., Towler, G.P., US Patent 6,368,865, April 9, 2002 (assigned to UOPLLC), and references cited therein.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Li, G.Y. presented at Combi 2002, Knowledge Foundation, San Diego, CA, January 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Boer, F. P. Financial management of R&D 2002, Res.-Technol. Manage. 2002, 45, 23–35.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Intel is piloting a method of quantifying the business value of IT investments. Business Value Index. http://www.intel.com/business/bss/

    Google Scholar 

  44. Angelis, D.I. Capturing the option value of R&D. Res.-Technol. Manage. 2000, vol. 40; No 4 (July–August), p. 31–34.

    Google Scholar 

  45. ICS-UNIDO Workshop on Combinatorial Chemistry and Molecular Modeling, Queretaro, Mexico, May 28–June 2, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Mirodatos, C., Savary, L. Combi 2000-Combinatorial Approaches to New Materials Discovery, Knowledge Foundation, San Diego, CA, January 2000; http://catalyse.univ-lyonl.fr and http://www.ifp.fr.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Koinuma, H., Koida, T., Ohnishi, T. et al. Parallel fabrication of artificially designed superlattices by combinatorial laser MBE. Appl. Phys. A. 1999, 69, S29–S31; Matsumoto, Y., Murakami, M., Jin, Z.W. et al., Combinatorial laser molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of Mg-Zn-O alloy for band gap engineering. Jpn J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 38, Part 2, No 6A/B, p. L603–L605.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hewes, J.D. (2003). Economic Impact of Combinatorial Materials Science on Industry and Society [1]. In: Potyrailo, R.A., Amis, E.J. (eds) High-Throughput Analysis. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8989-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8989-5_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4749-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8989-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics