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The Bithorax Complex: The First Fifty Years

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Genes, Development and Cancer

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Abstract

Genetics is a discipline that has successfully used abstractions to attack many of the most important problems of biology, including the study of evolution and how animals and plants develop. The power of genetics to benefit mankind was first recognized by the award of the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1933 to T. H. Morgan. In the 23 years that had intervened between the time Morgan introduced Drosophila as a new organism for the study of genetics and the award of the Prize, he and his students, especially, A. H. Sturtevant, C. B. Bridges and H. J. Muller, had vastly extended the laws of Mendel as the result of a host of discoveries, to mention only a few: that the genes (Mendel’s factors) are arranged in a linear order and can be placed on genetic maps, that they mutate in forward and reverse directions, that they can exist in many forms, or alleles, and that their functioning can depend upon their position. Purely on the basis of breeding experiments, these early workers were able to deduce the existence of inversions and duplications, for example, before it became possible to demonstrate them cytologically. The list of their achievements is a long one and one that has been put into historical perspective by Sturtevant in A History of Genetics (1).

The power of using abstractions is the essence of intellect, and with every increase in abstraction the intellectual triumphs of science are enhanced.

Bertrand Russell

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  1. Division of Biology, The California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Edward B. Lewis

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  1. Program in Developmental Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada

    Howard D. Lipshitz (Senior Scientist and Head, Professor of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Canada Research Chair in Developmental Biology) (Senior Scientist and Head, Professor of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Canada Research Chair in Developmental Biology)

  2. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Howard D. Lipshitz (Senior Scientist and Head, Professor of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Canada Research Chair in Developmental Biology) (Senior Scientist and Head, Professor of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Canada Research Chair in Developmental Biology)

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Lewis, E.B. (2004). The Bithorax Complex: The First Fifty Years. In: Lipshitz, H.D. (eds) Genes, Development and Cancer. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8981-9_37

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