Abstract
Mendel was ahead of his time, but he was not so far ahead that he could not arrive at the first great generalizations of genetics—his first and second laws. How fortunate that Mendel did not discover linkage, for he might then have failed to deduce the second law. How fortunate, too, that Mendel, by having chosen to work on peas, failed to discover “gene conversion,” not to mention “meiotic drive,” for he might then have failed to deduce even the first law.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literature Cited
Ahmed A., Case M., and Giles N. H., 1964. The nature of complementation among mutants in the histidine-3 region of Neurospora crassa. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 17: 53–65.
Aksoy M., and Lehmann H., 1957. The first observation of sickle-cell hemoglobin E disease. Nature 179: 1248–1249.
Ames B. N., and Hartman P. E., 1963. The histidine operon. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28: 349–356.
Ames B. N., Hartman P. E., and Jacob F., 1963. Chromosomal alterations affecting the regulation of histidine biosynthetic enzymes in Salmonella. J. Mol. Biol. 7: 23–42.
Ames B. N., and Martin R. C., 1964. Biochemical aspects of genetics: The operon. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 33: 235–258.
Baglioni C., 1962. The fusion of two peptide chains in hemoglobin Lepore and its interpretation as a genetic deletion. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48: 1880–1886.
Baglioni C., 1963, Correlations between genetics and chemistry of human hemoglobins. Molecular Genetics, pp. 405–475. Edited by **J. H. Taylor. Academic Press New York.
Barratt R. W., 1961. Studies on gene-protein relations with glutamic dehydrogenase in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 46: 849–850.
Benzer S., 1955. Fine structure of a genetic region in bacteriophage. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 41: 344–354.
Benzer S., 1957. The elementary units of heredity. The Chemical Basis of Heredity, pp. 70–93. Edited by **W. D. McElroy and B. Glass. The Johns Hopkins Press Baltimore.
Benzer S., and Champe S. P., 1962. A change from nonsense to sense in the genetic code. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 48: 1114–1121.
Boyer J., Rucknagel L., Weatherall J., and Watson-Williams E. J., 1963. Further evidence for linkage between the β and δ loci governing human hemoglobin and the population dynamics of linked genes. Amer. J. Human Genet. 15: 438–447.
Bridges C. B., 1935. Salivary chromosome maps. J. Hered. 26: 60–64.
Bridges C. B., 1936. The Bar “gene,” a duplication. Science 83: 210–211.
Bridges C. B., and Brehme K. S., 1944. The mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Carnegie Inst.Wash. Publ. No. 552.
Brink R. A., 1932. Are the chromosomes aggregates of groups of physiologically interdependent genes? Amer. Natur. 66: 444–451.
Brody S., and Yanofsky C., 1963. Suppressor gene alteration of protein primary structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 50: 9–16.
Carlson E. A., 1959a. Allelism, complementation, and pseudoallelism at the dumpy locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 44: 348–373.
Carlson E. A., 1959b. Comparative genetics of complex loci. Quart. Rev. Biol. 34: 33–67.
Catcheside D. G., and Overton A., 1958. Complementation between alleles in heterocaryons. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 23: 137–140.
Ceppellini R., 1959. Discussion. Ciba Foundation Symposium, Biochemistry of Human Genetics, p. 135. Edited by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and C. M. O’Connor. Little, Brown and Co., Boston.
Chovnick A., 1961. The garnet locus in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Pseudoallelism. Genetics 46: 493–507.
Chovnick A., Schalet A., Kernaghan R. P., and Krauss M., 1964. The rosy cistron in Drosophila melanogaster: Genetic fine structure analysis. Genetics 50: 1245–1259.
Crick F. H. C., Barnett L., Brenner S., and Watts-Tobin R. J., 1961. General nature of the genetic code for proteins. Nature 192: 1227–1232.
Douglas H. D., and Hawthorne D. C., 1964. Enzymatic expression and genetic linkage of genes controlling galactose utilization in Saccharomyces. Genetics 49: 837–844.
Dunn L. C., 1956. Analysis of a complex gene in the house mouse. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 21: 187–195.
Dunn L. C., and Caspari E., 1945. A case of neighboring loci with similar effects. Genetics 30: 543–568.
Edgar R. S., and Epstein R. H., 1965. Conditional lethal mutations in bacteriophage T4. Genetics Today, vol. 2, pp. 2–16. Edited by S. J. Geerts. Proc. XI Int. Congr. Genet., The Hague, The Netherlands. Pergamon Press Oxford
Epstein R. H., Bolle A., Steinberg C. M., Kellenberger E., Boy de la Tour E., Chevalley R., Edgar R. S., Susman M., Denhardt G. H., and Lielausis A., 1963. Physiological studies of conditional lethal mutants of bacteriophage T4D. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28: 375–394.
Fincham J. R. S., and Coddington A., 1963. The mechanism of complementation between am mutants of Neurospora crassa. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28: 517–527.
Fincham J. R. S., and Pateman J. A., 1957. Formation of an enzyme through complementary action of mutant “alleles” in separate nuclei in a heterocaryon. Nature 179: 741–742.
Forrest H. S., Glassman E., and Mitchell H. K., 1956. Conversion of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridine to isoxanthopterin in Drosophila melanogaster. Science 124: 725–726.
Freese E., 1963. Molecular mechanism of mutations. Molecular Genetics, pp. 207–269. Edited by J. H. Taylor. Academic Press New York.
Gans M., 1953. Etude genetique et physiologique du mutant z de Drosophila melanogaster. Bull. biol. France et Belg., Suppl. No. 38, 1–90.
Giles N. H., Case M. E., and Partridge C. W. H., 1965. Evidence for an aromatic (arom) operon in Neurospora crassa. Genetics 52: 444–445.
Giles N. H., Partridge C. W. H., and Nelson N. J., 1957. The genetic control of adenylsuccinase in Neurospora crassa. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 43: 305–317.
Green M. M., 1959. Spatial and functional properties of pseudoalleles at the white locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 13: 302–315.
Green M. M., 1963. Pseudoalleles and recombination in Drosophila. Methodology in Basic Genetics, pp. 279–290. Edited by W. J. Burdette. Holden-Day San Francisco.
Green M. M., 1965. Genetic fine structure in Drosophila. Genetics Today, vol. 2, pp. 37–49. Edited by S. J. Geerts. cfProc. XI Int. Congr. Genet., The Hague, The Netherlands. Pergamon Press Oxford.
Green M. M., and Green K. C., 1949. Crossing-over between alleles at the lozenge locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 35: 586–591.
Green M. M., and Green K. C., 1956. A cytogenetic analysis of the lozenge pseudoalleles in Drosophila. Z. Induktive Abstammungs-u. Vererbungslehre 87: 708–721.
Hartman P. E., Hartman Z., and Šerman D., 1960. Complementation mapping by abortive transduction of histidine-requiring Salmonella mutants. J. Gen. Microbiol. 22: 354–368.
Hawthorne D. C., and Mortimer R. K., 1960. Chromosome mapping in Saccharomyces: Centromere-linked genes. Genetics 45: 1085–1110.
Herzenberg L. A., 1964. A chromosome region for gamma2a and beta2A globulin H chain isoantigens in the mouse. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 29: 455–462.
Hexter W. M., 1958. On the nature of the garnet locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 44: 768–771.
Holliday R, 1964. A mechanism for gene conversion in fungi. Genet. Res. 5: 282–304.
Horowitz N. H., 1965. The evolution of biochemical synthesis—retrospect and prospect. Evolving Genes and Proteins, pp. 15–23. Edited by V. Bryson and H. V. Vogel. Academic Press New York.
Horowitz N. H., and Metzenberg R. L., 1965. Biochemical aspects of genetics. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 34: 527–564.
Horton B. F., and Huisman H. J., 1963. Linkage of the β-chain and δ-chain structural genes of human hemoglobins. Amer. J. Human Genet. 15: 394–397.
Hunt J. A. and Ingram V. M., 1959. The genetic control of protein structure: The abnormal human haemoglobins. Ciba Foundation Symposium, Biochemistry of Human Genetics, pp. 114–143. Edited by G. E. W. Wolstenholme and C. M. O’Conner. J. & A. Churchill, Ltd. London.
Ingram V. M., 1961. Gene evolution and the haemoglobins. Nature 189: 704–708.
Ingram V. M., and Stretton A. O. W., 1961. Human haemoglobin A2: Chemistry, genetics and evolution. Nature 190: 1079–1084.
Jacob F., and Monod J., 1961. On the regulation of gene activity. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 26: 193–211.
Judd B. H., 1959. Studies on some position pseudoalleles at the white region in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 44: 34–42.
Judd B. H., 1964. The structure of intralocus duplication and deficiency chromosomes produced by recombination in Drosophila melanogaster, with evidence for polarized pairing. Genetics 49: 253–265.
Laughnan J. R., 1961. The nature of mutations in terms of gene and chromosomal changes. Mutation and Plant Breeding, pp. 3–29. Nat. Acad. Sci., Nat. Res. Council, Washington, D.C., Publ. No. 891.
Lewis E. B., 1951. Pseudoallelism and gene evolution. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 16: 159–174.
Lewis E. B., 1952. Pseudoallelism of white and apricot in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 38: 953–961.
Lewis E. B., 1954. The theory and application of a new method of detecting chromosomal rearrangements in Drosophila melanogaster. Amer. Natur. 88: 225–239.
Lewis E. B., 1955. Some aspects of position pseudoallelism. Amer. Natur. 89: 73–89.
Lewis E. B., 1956. An unstable gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 41: 651.
Lewis E. B., 1963. Genes and developmental pathways. Amer. Zool. 3: 33–56.
Lewis E. B., 1964. Genetic control and regulation of developmental pathways. Role of Chromosomes in Development, pp. 231–252. Edited by M. Locke. Academic Press New York.
MacKendrick E. M., and Pontecorvo G., 1952. Crossing over between alleles at the w locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Experientia 8: 390.
Mitchell M. B., 1955. Aberrant recombination in Neurospora. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 41: 935–937.
Muller H. J., 1922. Variation due to change in the individual genes. Amer. Natur. 56: 32–50.
Muller H. J., 1935. A viable two-gene deficiency phaenotypically resembling the corresponding hypomorphic mutations. J. Hered. 26: 469–478.
Muller H. J., Prokofjeva-Belgovskaja A. A., and Kossikov K. V., 1936. Unequal crossing over in the bar mutant as a result of duplication of a minute chromosomal section. Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. 2: 87–88.
Murray N. E., 1963. Polarized recombination and fine structure within the me-2 gene of Neurospora crassa. Genetics 48: 1163–1183.
Nelson O. E., 1962. The waxy locus in maize. I. Intralocus recombination frequency estimates by pollen and by conventional analyses. Genetics 47: 737–742.
Nelson O. E., and Tsai C. Y., 1964. Glucose transfer from adenosine diphosphate-glucose to starch in preparations of waxy seeds. Science 145: 1194–1195.
Nirenberg M., Leder P., Bernfield M., Brimacombe R., Trupin J., Rottman F., and ’Neal C. O., 1965. RNA codewords and protein synthesis. VII. On the general nature of the RNA code. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 53: 1161–1168.
Notani G.W., Engelhardt D. L., Konigsberg W. K., and Zinder N. D., 1965. Suppression of a coat protein mutant of the bacteriophage f2. J. Mol. Biol. 12: 439–447.
Oliver C. P., 1940. A reversion to wild type associated with crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 26: 452–454.
Peterson H. L., and Laughnan J. R., 1963. Intrachromosomal exchange at the bar locus in Drosophila. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 50: 126–133.
Raffel D., and Muller H. J., 1940. Position effect and gene divisibility considered in connection with three strikingly similar scute mutations. Genetics 25: 541–583.
Rizet G., Lissouba P., and Mousseau J., 1960. Les mutations d’ascopores chez l’ascomycéte Ascobolus immersus et l’analysis de la structure fine des génes. Bull. soc. franç. physiol. vegetale 6: 175–193.
Rudkin G. T., 1965. The relative mutabilities of DNA in regions of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 52: 665–681.
Schroeder W. A., Shelton J. R., Shelton J. B., Cormick J., and Jones R. T., 1963. The amino acid sequence of the γ chain of human fetal hemoglobin. Biochemistry 2: 992–1008.
Smithies O., 1964. Chromosomal rearrangements and protein structure. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 29: 309–319.
Smithies O., Connell G. E., and Dixon G. H., 1962. Chromosomal rearrangement and the evolution of haptoglobin genes. Nature 196: 232–236.
Southin J. L., and Carlson E. A., 1962. Comparison of micromaps obtained by direct and indirect methods of recombination in the dumpy region of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 47: 1017–1026.
Stadler D. R., and Towe A. M., 1963. Recombination of allelic cysteine mutants in Neurospora. Genetics 48: 1323–1344.
Stadler D. R., Towe A. M., and Murray N., 1965. Intragenic and intergenic recombination in Neurospora. Genetics 52: 477.
Stadler L. J., 1954. The gene. Science 120: 811–819.
Stadler L. J., and Emmerling M. H., 1956. Relation of unequal crossing over to the interdependence of R′ elements (P) and (S). Genetics 41: 124–137.
Stadler L. J., and Nuffer M. G., 1953. Problems of gene structure. II. Separation of R′ elements (S) and (P) by unequal crossing over. Science 117: 471–472.
Stephens S. G., 1951. Possible significance of duplication in evolution. Advance. Genet. 4: 247–267.
Stretton A.O.W., and Brenner S., 1965. Molecular consequences of the ambermutation and its suppression. J. Mol. Biol. 12: 456–465.
Sturtevant A. H., 1925. The effects of unequal crossing over at the Bar locus in Drosophila. Genetics 10: 117–147.
Weigert M. G., and Garen A., 1965. Amino acid substitution resulting from suppression of nonsense mutations. I. Serine insertion by the Su-1 suppressor gene. J. Mol. Biol. 12: 448–455.
Welshons W. J., 1958. The analysis of a pseudoallelic recessive lethal system at the notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 23: 171–176.
Welshons W. J., and von Halle E. S., 1962. Pseudoallelism at the notch locus in Drosophila. Genetics 47: 743–759.
Whitehouse H. L. K., 1963. A theory of crossing over by means of hybrid deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature 199: 1034–1040.
Whitehouse H. L. K., and Hastings D. J., 1965. The analysis of genetic recombination on the polaron hybrid DNA model. Genet. Res. 6: 27–92.
Woodward D. O., 1959. Enzyme complementation in vitro between adenyl-succinaseless mutants of Neurospora crassa. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S. 45: 846–850.
Yanofsky C., 1963. Amino acid replacements associated with mutation and recombination in the A gene and their relationship to in vitro coding data. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 28: 581–588.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1967 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lewis, E.B. (1967). Genes and Gene Complexes. In: Lipshitz, H.D. (eds) Genes, Development and Cancer. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8981-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8981-9_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4746-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8981-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive