Abstract
Most of the authors in this book are not cardiologists but all see many patients with heart disease. Nor is this a textbook of cardiology, although it is aimed at those involved with the cardiac care of older patients. Our reasons for writing are simple. The care of the older person can be complex and demanding; yet, care can be effective and rewarding. It is our purpose to alert our colleagues to this complexity and to provide management suggestions that may be helpful to busy cardiologists and general internists in their daily practice. Physiological changes in the aging heart and specific diseases more common in the very old are well described but are not the subject of this book, and readers must look elsewhere for such information. This is a short primer in the care of the frail elderly tailored for those who provide cardiac care to the oldest in the population.
Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho'We are not now that strength which in the old days; Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive to seek, to find and not to yield.Alfred Lord Tennyson, Ulysses.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Administration on Aging Health, Health Care and Disability. A Profile of Older Americans 2002.
American Psychiatric Association 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Washington, DC.
Blazer D. The diagnosis of depression in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1980; 28:52–58.
Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak. The mini-cog: a cognitive “vital signs” measure for dementia screening in multilingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 2000; 15:1021–1027.
Breteler MMB, Claus JJ, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam study. BMJ 1994; 308:1604–1608.
Cacciatore F, Abete P, Ferrara N, Calabrese C, Napoli C, Maggi S, Varrichio M, Rengo F. Congestive heart failure and cognitive impairment in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46:1343–1348.
Canadian Study of Health and Aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150: 899–913.
Creditor MC. Hazards of Hospitalization of the Elderly Annals of Internal Medicine 1993; 118:219–223.
Eagle KA: Update in Cardiology 2000 Annals of Internal Medicine 2000; 133:430–446.
Engelhart M, Geerlings M, Ruitenbert A, et al. Diet and risk of Dementia Does Fat matter? The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 2002; 59:1915–1921.
Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12:189–198.
Forette ML. Staessen JA, et al. Prevention of dementia in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe. Lancet. 1998; 352:1347–1351.
Fnessinger Butler. End of Life Care for Elderly Patients with Heart Failure. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2000; 16:663–675.
Gandhi SK, Powers JC, Nomeir, AM, Fowle K, Kitzman, DW, Rankin KM, Little WC. The Pathogenesis of Acute Pulmonary Edema Associated with Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:17–22.
15. Global Burden of Disease: Harvard University Press, 1998.
16. Health Canada; Prevention of Unintentional Injuries among Seniors Mar 2003.
Hoffman JC, Wenger NS, David RB, Teno J, Connors AF Jr., Desbiens N, Lynn J, Phillips RS. Patients preferences for communications with physicians for end of life decisions. SUPPORT Investigators. Annals of Internal Medicine 1997; 127:1–12.
Inouye SK, Carpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalised elderly persons. JAMA 1996: 275–352.
Jones AM, Spensley AJ, Hildreth JE, et al. Treatment Preferences of Older People with Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure: The Sunderland Heart Failure in Older People Study. Abstract presented at the Annual Meeting of the British Geriatrics Society, 2003.
20. Men, Ageing and Health World Health Organisation 2001.
Milne AC, Potter J, Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2003. Oxford.
Mitnitski AB, Graham JJ, Mogilner AE, Rockwood K. Frailty, fitness and late-life mortality in relation to chronological and biological age. BMC Geriatrics 2002; 2:1.
Mittelman MS, Ferris SH, Shulman E, et al. A family intervention to delay nursing home placement in patients with Alzheimers disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 276:1725–1731.
Molloy WD. Let Me Decide 2000. Newgrange Press, Troy, Canada.
Natarajan M, Mehta SR, Holder DH, Goodhart DR, Gafni A, Shilton D, Afzal R, Teo K, Yusuf S. Risks of waiting for cardiac catheterisation. CMAJ 2002: 167 233–1240.
Newman AB, Gottdiener JS, McBurnie MA, Hirsch CH, Kop WJ, Tracy R, Walston JD, Fried LP. Association of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2001; 56A:M158–M166.
NYHA Classification. The Criteria Committee of the NYHA nomenclature and criteria for the diagnosis of diseases of the heart and great vessels 1994 9th edition. Little Brown Boston.
Rochon PA, Anderson GM, Tu JV, et al. Use of beta-blocker therapy in older patients after acute myocardial infarction in Ontario. Can Med Assoc J 1999; 161:1403–1408.
Rockwood K, Fox RA, Stolee P, Robertson D, Beattie BL. Frailty in elderly people: an evolving concept. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150:489–495.
Rockwood K, Cosway S, Carver D, et al. The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age Ageing 1999; 28:551–556.
Rockwood K, Hogan DB, MacKnight C. Conceptualisation and measurement of frailty in elderly people. Drugs and Aging 2000; 17:295–302.
Roos NL, Havens B, Black C. Living longer but doing worse. Soc Sci Med 1993; 36:273-282.
Rowe J, Kahn RL. Human aging: Usual and successful. Science 1987.
Schulz R and Beach SR. Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality: The Caregiver Health Effect Study. JAMA 1999; 282: 2215–2219.
Seeman T, Chen X. Risk and protective factors for physical functioning for older adults with and without chronic conditions. Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Science and Social Sciences 2002; 57:S135–S144.
Shulman K, Shedletsky R, Silver I. The challenge of time: clock drawing and cognitive function in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 1986; 135–140.
The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalised patients: the Study to Understand Prognosis and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT) JAMA 1995: 274:1591–1598.
Tombaugh TN, McIntryre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:922–935.
van Gijn J. The PROGRESS Trial: preventing strokes by lowering blood pressure in patients with cerebral ischemia. Emerging therapies: critique of an important advance. Stroke 2002; 33:319–320.
World Health Organisation Publications.Towards Policy for Health and Aging, 2000.
41. World Health Organization Press Release, 2000: Geneva, Switzerland.
World Health Organization, 2001. Men, Ageing and Health
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Turpie, I.D., Heckman, G.A. (2004). Aging and Heart Disease. In: Turpie, I.D., Heckman, G.A. (eds) Aging Issues in Cardiology. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 250. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8865-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8865-2_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4696-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8865-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive