Skip to main content

Aging and Heart Disease

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aging Issues in Cardiology

Abstract

Most of the authors in this book are not cardiologists but all see many patients with heart disease. Nor is this a textbook of cardiology, although it is aimed at those involved with the cardiac care of older patients. Our reasons for writing are simple. The care of the older person can be complex and demanding; yet, care can be effective and rewarding. It is our purpose to alert our colleagues to this complexity and to provide management suggestions that may be helpful to busy cardiologists and general internists in their daily practice. Physiological changes in the aging heart and specific diseases more common in the very old are well described but are not the subject of this book, and readers must look elsewhere for such information. This is a short primer in the care of the frail elderly tailored for those who provide cardiac care to the oldest in the population.

Tho’ much is taken, much abides; and tho'We are not now that strength which in the old days; Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are One equal temper of heroic hearts, Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive to seek, to find and not to yield.Alfred Lord Tennyson, Ulysses.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Administration on Aging Health, Health Care and Disability. A Profile of Older Americans 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  2. American Psychiatric Association 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Blazer D. The diagnosis of depression in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1980; 28:52–58.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak. The mini-cog: a cognitive “vital signs” measure for dementia screening in multilingual elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 2000; 15:1021–1027.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Breteler MMB, Claus JJ, Grobbee DE, Hofman A. Cardiovascular disease and distribution of cognitive function in elderly people: the Rotterdam study. BMJ 1994; 308:1604–1608.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cacciatore F, Abete P, Ferrara N, Calabrese C, Napoli C, Maggi S, Varrichio M, Rengo F. Congestive heart failure and cognitive impairment in an older population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998; 46:1343–1348.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Canadian Study of Health and Aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150: 899–913.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Creditor MC. Hazards of Hospitalization of the Elderly Annals of Internal Medicine 1993; 118:219–223.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Eagle KA: Update in Cardiology 2000 Annals of Internal Medicine 2000; 133:430–446.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Engelhart M, Geerlings M, Ruitenbert A, et al. Diet and risk of Dementia Does Fat matter? The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 2002; 59:1915–1921.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12:189–198.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Forette ML. Staessen JA, et al. Prevention of dementia in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe. Lancet. 1998; 352:1347–1351.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Fnessinger Butler. End of Life Care for Elderly Patients with Heart Failure. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 2000; 16:663–675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Gandhi SK, Powers JC, Nomeir, AM, Fowle K, Kitzman, DW, Rankin KM, Little WC. The Pathogenesis of Acute Pulmonary Edema Associated with Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:17–22.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. 15. Global Burden of Disease: Harvard University Press, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  16. 16. Health Canada; Prevention of Unintentional Injuries among Seniors Mar 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hoffman JC, Wenger NS, David RB, Teno J, Connors AF Jr., Desbiens N, Lynn J, Phillips RS. Patients preferences for communications with physicians for end of life decisions. SUPPORT Investigators. Annals of Internal Medicine 1997; 127:1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Inouye SK, Carpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalised elderly persons. JAMA 1996: 275–352.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jones AM, Spensley AJ, Hildreth JE, et al. Treatment Preferences of Older People with Diagnosed Congestive Heart Failure: The Sunderland Heart Failure in Older People Study. Abstract presented at the Annual Meeting of the British Geriatrics Society, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  20. 20. Men, Ageing and Health World Health Organisation 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Milne AC, Potter J, Avenell A. Protein and energy supplementation in elderly people at risk from malnutrition (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 2 2003. Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mitnitski AB, Graham JJ, Mogilner AE, Rockwood K. Frailty, fitness and late-life mortality in relation to chronological and biological age. BMC Geriatrics 2002; 2:1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Mittelman MS, Ferris SH, Shulman E, et al. A family intervention to delay nursing home placement in patients with Alzheimers disease: A Randomised Controlled Trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 1996; 276:1725–1731.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Molloy WD. Let Me Decide 2000. Newgrange Press, Troy, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Natarajan M, Mehta SR, Holder DH, Goodhart DR, Gafni A, Shilton D, Afzal R, Teo K, Yusuf S. Risks of waiting for cardiac catheterisation. CMAJ 2002: 167 233–1240.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Newman AB, Gottdiener JS, McBurnie MA, Hirsch CH, Kop WJ, Tracy R, Walston JD, Fried LP. Association of subclinical cardiovascular disease with frailty. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences 2001; 56A:M158–M166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. NYHA Classification. The Criteria Committee of the NYHA nomenclature and criteria for the diagnosis of diseases of the heart and great vessels 1994 9th edition. Little Brown Boston.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rochon PA, Anderson GM, Tu JV, et al. Use of beta-blocker therapy in older patients after acute myocardial infarction in Ontario. Can Med Assoc J 1999; 161:1403–1408.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Rockwood K, Fox RA, Stolee P, Robertson D, Beattie BL. Frailty in elderly people: an evolving concept. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150:489–495.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Rockwood K, Cosway S, Carver D, et al. The risk of dementia and death after delirium. Age Ageing 1999; 28:551–556.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Rockwood K, Hogan DB, MacKnight C. Conceptualisation and measurement of frailty in elderly people. Drugs and Aging 2000; 17:295–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Roos NL, Havens B, Black C. Living longer but doing worse. Soc Sci Med 1993; 36:273-282.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Rowe J, Kahn RL. Human aging: Usual and successful. Science 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Schulz R and Beach SR. Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality: The Caregiver Health Effect Study. JAMA 1999; 282: 2215–2219.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Seeman T, Chen X. Risk and protective factors for physical functioning for older adults with and without chronic conditions. Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Science and Social Sciences 2002; 57:S135–S144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Shulman K, Shedletsky R, Silver I. The challenge of time: clock drawing and cognitive function in the elderly. Int J Geriatr Psychiat 1986; 135–140.

    Google Scholar 

  37. The SUPPORT Principal Investigators. A controlled trial to improve care for seriously ill hospitalised patients: the Study to Understand Prognosis and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments (SUPPORT) JAMA 1995: 274:1591–1598.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Tombaugh TN, McIntryre NJ. The mini-mental state examination: a comprehensive review. J Am Geriatr Soc 1992; 40:922–935.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. van Gijn J. The PROGRESS Trial: preventing strokes by lowering blood pressure in patients with cerebral ischemia. Emerging therapies: critique of an important advance. Stroke 2002; 33:319–320.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. World Health Organisation Publications.Towards Policy for Health and Aging, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  41. 41. World Health Organization Press Release, 2000: Geneva, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  42. World Health Organization, 2001. Men, Ageing and Health

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Turpie, I.D., Heckman, G.A. (2004). Aging and Heart Disease. In: Turpie, I.D., Heckman, G.A. (eds) Aging Issues in Cardiology. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 250. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8865-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8865-2_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4696-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8865-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics