Skip to main content

A True Picture? Colonial and Other Historical Archaeologies

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology ((CGHA))

Abstract

Until recently, much of the focus of archaeological research on historical periods in the Sahel and Savannah (Sudan) zones of West Africa could be described as being dictated by attempts to correlate places and events with a limited corpus of Arabic historical sources (see McIntosh and McIntosh 1984, for a critique of what they term these “city-centric” approaches). It is also probably fair to say that the past of these regions of West Africa has been moulded by the dominant ideologies that prevailed amongst the historians and archaeologists working in these areas, most notably those associated with colonialism. Without treading the well-worn path of postprocessual archaeology, it is generally accepted that the past cannot be said to be in some way neutral from the present (Hodder 1986). Thus, that African historical archaeology should somehow be exempt from such considerations is untenable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anon., 1976. Actes du Colloque. Histoire et Tradition Orale - L’Empire du Mali. Paris: Fondation SCOA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Apter, A. 1999. Africa, Empire and Anthropology: a philological exploration of anthropology’s Heart of Darkness. Annual Review of Anthropology 28: 577–598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett-Jolley, S. 2000. The faunal remains from Gao Ancien. In T. Insoll (ed) Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fieldseason results: 45–55. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedaux, R., K. MacDonald, A. Person, J. Polet, K. Sanogo, A. Schmidt, and S. Sidibé 2001. The Dia Archaeological Project: rescuing cultural heritage in the Inland Niger Delta (Mali). Antiquity 75: 836–848.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernal, M. 1987. Black Athena: the Afroasiatic roots of Classical Civilization. London: Free Association Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berthier, S. 1997. Recherches Archéologiques sur la Capitale de TEmpire de Ghana. Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 41. Oxford: Archaeopress (BAR International Series 680).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bovill, E.W. 1970. The Golden Trade of the Moors. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarti, D.K. 1997. Colonial Indology: sociopolitics of the Ancient Indian past. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakrabarty, D. 1992. Postcoloniality and the artifice of history: who speaks for “Indian” pasts? Representations 37: 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chami, F. 1994–95. The first millennium AD on the East Coast: a new look at the cultural sequence and interactions. Azania 29–30: 232–237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chami, F. 1998. A review of Swahili archaeology. African Archaeological Review 15: 199–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chatterjee, P. 1993. The Nation and its Fragments. Colonial and post-colonial histories. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chittick, N. 1974. Kilwa. An Islamic trading city on the East African coast. Nairobi: BritishInstitute in Eastern Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chittick, N. 1984. Manda, Excavations at an island port on the Kenya Coast. Nairobi: BritishInstitute in Eastern Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connah, G. 1981. Three Thousand Years in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, D.C. and H. Fisher 1982. “The conquest that never was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076”, Part 1: the external Arabic sources. History in Africa 9: 21–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conrad, D.C, and H. Fisher 1983. “The conquest that never was: Ghana and the Almoravids, 1076”, Part 2: the local oral sources. History in Africa 10: 53–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Curtin, P.D. 1989. Recent trends in African historiography and their contribution to history in general. In J. Ki-Zerbo (ed) UNESCO General History of Africa, Volume 1, Methodology and African Prehistory : 23–28. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, B. 1990. A History of West Africa, 1000–1800. Harlow: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawa, S. 1985. Inventaire des Sites Archéologiques dans le Cercle de Gao. Mémoire de Fin d’Etudes, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Bamako.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devisse, J. 1992. The Almoravids. In I. Hrbek (ed) UNESCO General History of Africa, Volume 3, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century : 176–89. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diop, C.A. 1974. The African Origin of Civilization: myth or reality. Westport: Lawrence Hill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diop, C.A. 1989. The Cultural Unity of Black Africa. London: Karnak House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolukhanov, P.M. 1996. The Early Slavs. Harlow: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donley-Reid, L. 1990. A Structuring Structure: the Swahili house. In S. Kent (ed) Domestic- Architecture and the Use of Space: 114–126. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dramani-Issifou, Z. 1992. Islam as a social system in Africa since the seventh century. In I. Hrbek (ed) UNESCO General History of Africa, Volume 3, Africa from the Seventh to the Eleventh Century: 50–62. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Es-Sa’di, A. 1900. Tarikh es-Soudan (Houdas, O. trans). Paris: Ernest Leroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fage, J. 1989. The development of African historiography. In J. Ki-Zerbo (ed) UNESCO General History of Africa, Volume 1, Methodology and African Prehistory: 10–15. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farias, P.F. de M. 1974. Review article. Great states revisited. Journal of African History 15: 479–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farias, P.F. de M. 2000. Appendix 2. The inscriptions from Gorongobo. In T. Insoll (ed) Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fieldseason results: 156–59. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleisher, J. and A. LaViolette 1999. Elusive wattle-and-daub: finding the hidden majority in the archaeology of the Swahili. Azania 34: 87–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flight, C. 1978. Gao 1974: second interim report. Excavations in the cemetery at Sane. Birmingham: Centre of West African Studies, University of Birmingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flight, C. 1979. Gao 1978: third interim report: further excavations at Sane. Birmingham: Centre of West African Studies, University of Birmingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, D. 2000. The Botanical Remains. In T. Insoll (ed) Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fieldseason results: 28–35. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffeth, R. 1981. The Hausa city-states from 1450 to 1804. In R. Griffeth and C. Thomas (eds) The City-State in Five Cultures: 143–180. Oxford: ABC Clio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M. 1999. Subaltern voices? Finding the spaces between things and words. In P. Funari, M. Hall, and S. Jones (eds) Historical Archaeology. Back from the Edge: 193–203. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hiskett, M. 1994. The Course of Islam in Africa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodder, I. 1986. Reading the Past. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holl, A. 1990. West African archaeology: colonialism and nationalism. In P.T. Robertshaw (ed) A History of African Archaeology: 296–308. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, M. 1986. Asiatic colonisation of the East African Coast: the Manda evidence. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (unnumbered): 201–213.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horton, M. 1987. Early Muslim trading settlements on the East African coast: new evidence from Shanga. Antiquaries Journal 67: 290–323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horton, M. 1996. Shanga. The archaeology of a Muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa. London: British Institute in Eastern Africa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hrbek, I. and M. El-Fasi 1992. Stages in the development of Islam and its dissemination in Africa. In I. Hrbek (ed) Unesco General History of Africa. Vol 3. Africa From the Seventh to the Eleventh Century : 31–49. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1995a. A cache of hippopotamus ivory at Gao, Mali; and a hypothesis of its use. Antiquity 69: 327–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1995b. A sixteenth to seventeenth century AD sherd of Chinese stoneware found at Gao, the Republic of Mali, West Africa. The Oriental Ceramic Society Newsletter 3:11–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1996. Islam, Archaeology and History. Gao Region (Mali) Ca.AD 900–1250. Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 39. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum (BAR International Series 647).

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1997. Iron Age Gao: an archaeological contribution. Journal of African History 38: 1–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1998a. Islamic glass from Gao, Mali. Journal of Glass Studies 40: 77–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1998b. Archaeological research in Timbuktu, Mali. Antiquity 72: 413–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. 1999. The Archaeology of Islam. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Insoll, T. (with other contributions) 2000. Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fie Idseason results. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kati, M. 1913. Tarikh el-Fettach (Houdas, O. & Delafosse, M. eds. & trans.). Paris: Ernest Leroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkman, J. 1964. Men and Monuments on the East African Coast. London: Lutterworth Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange, D. 1991. Les Rois de Gao-Sane et les Almoravides. Journal of African History 32: 251–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lange, D. 1994. From Mande to Songhay: towards a political and ethnic history of Medieval Gao. Journal of African History 35: 275–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Levtzion, N. 1973. Ancient Ghana and Mali. London: Methuen and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levtzion, N. 1985 The early states of the Western Sudan to 1500. In J. Ajayi and M. Crowder (eds) History of West Africa Volume T. 129–166. Harlow: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levtzion, N. 1992. Berber Nomads And Sudanese States: The Historiography of the Desert- Sahel Interface. Unpublished Paper, International Conference on Manding Studies, Bamako, Mali.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levtzion, N. and J.F.P. Hopkins 1981. Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewicki, T. 1971. The Ibadites in Arabia and Africa. Cahiers d’Histoire Mondiale 13: 3–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacDonald, K., F. Hung, and H. Crawford 1995. Prehistory as propaganda. Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 6: 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masonen, P. 1994. Ancient Ghana in European Thought. Unpublished Paper, School of Oriental and African Studies, African History Seminar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masonen, P. and H. Fisher 1995. Not Quite Venus from the Waves. The Almoravid Conquest of Ghana in West African Historiography. Unpublished Paper, International Conference on Mande Studies. Leiden.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauny, R. 1961. Tableau Géographique de I’Ouest Africain au Moyen Age. Dakar: Institut Frances de l’Afrique Noire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, R.J. 1998. The Peoples of the Middle Niger. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, R.J. and S.K. Mcintosh 1988. From Siecles Obscurs to revolutionary centuries in the Middle Niger. World Archaeology 20: 141–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, S.K. (ed) 1995. Excavations at Jenne-jeno, Hambarketolo, and Kaniana (Inland Niger Delta, Mali), the 1981 season. Los Angeles: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, S.K. and R.J. Mcintosh 1980. Prehistoric Investigations in the Region ofJenne, Mali. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mcintosh, S.K. and R.J. Mcintosh 1984. The early city in West Africa: towards an understanding. African Archaeological Review 2: 73–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, N. 2000. The marine and freshwater molluscs. In T. Insoll (ed) Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fieldseason results: 36–38. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molyneaux, B.L. 1994. Introduction. The represented past. In P.G. Stone and B.L. Molyneaux (eds) The Presented Past: heritage, museums and education: 1–13. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, H.R. 1928. Sudanese Memoirs. Lagos: The Government Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, F.B. 1967 [1920]. Zanzibar, the Island Metropolis of Eastern Africa. London: Frank Cass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pels, P. 1997. The anthropology of colonialism: culture, history and the emergence of Western governmentality. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 163–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prakash, G. 1992. Writing post-orientalist histories of the Third World: Indian historiography is good to think. In N.B. Dinks (ed) Colonialism and Culture: 353–388. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertshaw, P.T. 1990. The development of archaeology in East Africa. In P.T. Robertshaw (ed) A History of African Archaeology: 78–94. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rouch, J. 1953. Contribution a THistoire des Songhay. Dakar: Institut Franc, ais de 1’Afrique Noire.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, B. 2000. The beads. In T. Insoll (ed) Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fieldseason results: 98–126. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sauvaget, J. 1950. Les epitaphes royales de Gao. Bulletin de Tlnstitut Francais de TAfrique Noire 12:418–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stangroome, C. 2000. The faunal remains from Gadei. In T. Insoll (ed) Urbanism, Archaeology and Trade. Further observations on the Gao Region (Mali). The 1996 fieldseason results:56–61. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports S829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilley, C. 1989. Archaeology as socio-political action in the present. In V. Pinsky and A. Wylie (eds) Critical Traditions in Contemporary Archaeology: essays in philiosophy, history and socio-politics of archaeology: 104–115. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trigger, B. 1989. A History of Archaeological Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimingham, J.S. 1962. A History of Islam in West Africa. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vansina, J. 1990. Oral tradition and its methodology. In J. Ki-Zerbo (ed) UNESCO General History of Africa, Volume 1, Methodology and African Prehistory: 54–61. London: James Currey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waines, D. 1995. An Introduction to Islam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Insoll, T. (2004). A True Picture? Colonial and Other Historical Archaeologies. In: Reid, A.M., Lane, P.J. (eds) African Historical Archaeologies. Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8863-8_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8863-8_6

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-47996-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8863-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics