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Isoprenoids: Gene Clusters and Chemical Puzzles

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Advances in Fungal Biotechnology for Industry, Agriculture, and Medicine

Abstract

The isoprenoids are one of the most chemically diverse groups of natural products found in nature, with greater than 23,000 compounds identified (Dewick, 2002). All are derived from linear isoprenoid diphosphates synthesized from isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) by a family of prenyltransferases that catalyze the sequential condensations of IPP with allylic isoprenoid diphosphates (Figure 8.1). The primary isoprenoid substrates can be derived from either the mevalonate pathway or the more recently discovered deoxyxylulose phosphate (mevalonate-independent) pathway (Rohmer et al., 1993), that is found in eubacteria and plants (Dewick, 2002). Most fungi contain both farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthases, which catalyze the formation of the linear C15 and C20 isoprenoids, FPP and GGPP, respectively. FPP is a key branch point in the isoprene pathway from where additional prenyl transferases catalyze the synthesis of precursors for sterols, ubiquinones, dolichols, sesquiterpenes, and farnesylated proteins. GGPP is the substrate for another group of prenyl transferases involved in the biosynthesis of gibberellins, carotenoids, indole-diterpenes, and geranylgeranylated proteins (Figure 8.1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Molecular BioSciences, College of Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    D. Barry Scott

  2. Institute of Fundamental Sciences, College of Sciences, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand

    Geoffrey B. Jameson & Emily J. Parker

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  1. D. Barry Scott
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  2. Geoffrey B. Jameson
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  1. Department of Biologics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey

    Jan S. Tkacz

  2. Department of Molecular Biotechnology Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

    Lene Lange

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Scott, D.B., Jameson, G.B., Parker, E.J. (2004). Isoprenoids: Gene Clusters and Chemical Puzzles. In: Tkacz, J.S., Lange, L. (eds) Advances in Fungal Biotechnology for Industry, Agriculture, and Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8859-1_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8859-1_8

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