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Advances in Fungal Biotechnology for Industry, Agriculture, and Medicine pp 127–162Cite as

Peptide Synthesis without Ribosomes

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Abstract

One of the largest and most important groups of microbial secondary metabolites comprises peptides that are synthesized by enzymes instead of ribosomes. Of the thousands of known non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs), many are cyclic, but others are linear or a mixture of cyclic and linear (von Döhren, 1990). A hallmark of NRPs is the presence of unusual amino acids, either proteinogenic ones modified by acylation, epimerization, N-methylation, hydroxylation, etc., or non-proteinogenic amino acids such as ornithine and β-amino acids. NRPs can contain even larger, more complex moieties, such as lysergic acid in the case of ergotamine (Figure 7. 1D) or 3-hydroxy-4-methylanthranilic acid in actinomycin (Marahiel et al., 1997). Some NRPs contain ester-linked hydroxy acids in addition to amino acids. Biogenically, there is no fundamental distinction between the ester-containing NRPs, called depsipeptides, and the NRPs that contain just amino acids.

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  1. DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, 48824

    Jonathan D. Walton & Daniel G. Panaccione

  2. Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, 401 Brooks Hall, P.O. Box 6058, Morgantown, WV, 26506-6058

    Heather E. Hallen

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  1. Department of Biologics Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey

    Jan S. Tkacz

  2. Department of Molecular Biotechnology Novozymes A/S, Bagsvaerd, Denmark

    Lene Lange

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Walton, J.D., Panaccione, D.G., Hallen, H.E. (2004). Peptide Synthesis without Ribosomes. In: Tkacz, J.S., Lange, L. (eds) Advances in Fungal Biotechnology for Industry, Agriculture, and Medicine. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8859-1_7

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