Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Complex Evolutionary Dynamics in Urban-Regional and Ecologic-Economic Systems pp 63–83Cite as

Morphogenesis of Regional Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 971 Accesses

Abstract

The most famous model of regional structure is the concentric ring model of von Thünen (1826) based on linear transportation costs, in a homogeneous plane, with a single urban market center. Subsequently this model was expanded by Christaller (1935) and Lösch (1940) to multiple market centers of different sizes and different commodities, while still assuming linear transportation costs on a homogeneous plane. For both Christaller and Lösch, the shape of a market area around a single center for a single commodity will be a hexagon. Thus the general structure of a regional hierarchy, based on a set of market areas for different commodities, will be a nested (Christaller) or overlapping (Lösch) set of hexagons.

And if you share my personal taste, watch out especially for the breaks in continuity, the frontier zones. Be alert to the moment when the shape or the materials of the roofs change, or when the wells have a different structure (a revealing but rarely-noticed piece of evidence).

Fernand Braudel (1986, The Identity of France, p. 51)

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Allen, Peter M. and Michele Sanglier. 1981. “Urban Evolution, Self-Organization, and Decision Making.” Environment and Planning A 13, 167–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso, William. 1978. “A Theory of Movements,” in Niles M. Hansen, ed., Human Settlement Systems. Cambridge: Ballinger, 197–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anas, Alex. 1986. “From Physical to Economic Urban Models: The Lowry Framework Revisited,” in Bruce Hutchinson and Michael Batty, eds., Advances in Urban Systems Modelling. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 163–172.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersson, Åke E. 1986. “The Four Logistical Revolutions.” Papers of the Regional Science Association 59, 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerbach, Felix. 1913. “Das Gesetz der Bevölkerungskonzentration.” Petermans Mitteilungen 59, 74–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batty, Michael, Paul A. Longley, and A. Stewart Fotheringham. 1989. “Urban Growth and Form: Scaling, Fractal Geometry, and Diffusion-limited Aggregation.” Environment and Planning A 21, 1447–1472.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumol, William J. and Jess Benhabib. 1989. “Chaos: Significance, Mechanism, and Economic Applications.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 3, 77–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, Martin J. 1952. “A Continuous Model of Transportation.” Econometrica 20, 643–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, Martin J. 1953. “The Partial Equilibrium of a Continuous Space Market.” Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 71, 73–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, Martin J. 1987. “Continuous Models of Spatial Dynamics,” in David Batten, John Casti, and Börje Johanson, eds., Economic Evolution and Structural Adjustment. Berlin: Springer, 337–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckmann, Martin J. and Tönu Puu. 1985. Spatial Economics: Density, Potential, and Flow. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Booth, G. Geoffrey and Peter E. Koveos. 1983. “Employment Fluctuations: An R/S Analysis.” Journal of Regional Science 23, 19–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boulding, Kenneth E. 1978. Ecodynamics: A New Theory of Societal Evolution. Beverly Hills: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braudel, Fernand. 1986. L’Identité de la France. Paris: Librairie Armand Colin (English translation by Reynolds, Sian, 1988, The Identity of France. New York: Harper and Row).

    Google Scholar 

  • Casetti, Emilio. 1980. “Equilibrium Population Partitions between Urban and Agricultural Occupations.” Geographical Analysis 12, 47–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casetti, Emilio. 1982. “The Onset of Modern Economic Growth: Empirical Validation of a Catastrophe Model.” Papers of the Regional Science Association 50, 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casti, John L. 1979. Connectivity, Complexity, and Catastrophe in Large-Scale Systems. New York: Wiley-Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christaller, Walter. 1933. Die Zentralen Orte in Suddendeutschland. Jena:Fischer (English translation by Baskin, C.W., 1966, Central Places in Southern Germany. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1980a. “Dynamics of City Size and Structural Stability: The Case of a Single City.” Geographical Analysis 12, 236–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1982. “On the Dynamic Stability of Interurban/Regional Labor and Capital Movements.” Journal of Regional Science 22, 529–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1984a. “Regions, Antiregions, and their Dynamic Stability: The U.S. Case (1929–1979).” Journal of Regional Science 24, 65–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1984b. “The Structural Stability of the US Regions: Evidence and Theoretical Underpinnings.” Environment and Planning A 16, 1433–1443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1985. “Turbulence and Fundamental Urban/Regional Dynamics.” Task Force on Dynamic Analysis of Spatial Development, IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1989. “Growth Patterns of the Eight Regions in the People’s Republic of China (1980–1985).” Annals of Regional Science 23, 213–222.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forrester, Jay W. 1969. Urban Dynamics. Cambridge: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fotheringham, A. Stewart, Michael Batty, and Paul A. Longley. 1989. “Diffusion-Limited Aggregation and the Fractal Nature of Urban Growth.” Papers of the Regional Science Association 67, 55–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garreau, Joel R. 1981. The Nine Nations of North America. New York: Avon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geddes, Patrick. 1915. Cities in Evolution. London: Williams and Norgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, Richard M. 1951. “The Nonlinear Accelerator and the Persistence of Business Cycles.” Econometrica 19, 1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, Richard M. 1967. “A Growth Cycle,” in C.H. Feinstein, ed., Socialism, Capitalism and Economic Growth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haag, Günter and Wolfgang Weidlich. 1983. “A Non-Linear Dynamic Model for the Migration of Human Populations,” in Daniel A. Griffith and Anthony C. Lea, eds., Evolving Geographical Structures: Mathematical Models and Theories for Space-Time Processes. The Hague: Martunus Nijhoff, 24–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hassan, R. 1972. “Islam and Urbanization in the Medieval Middle East.” Ekistics 33, 108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, John R. 1950. A Contribution to the Theory of the Trade Cycle. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jantsch, Erich. 1979. The Self-Organizing Universe: Scientific and Human Implications of the Emerging Paradigm of Evolution. Oxford: Pergaman Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jantsch, Erich. 1982. “From Self-Reference to Self-Transcendence: The Evolution of Self-Organization Dynamics,” in William C. Schieve and Allen, Peter M., eds., Self-Organization and Dissipative Structures. Austin: University of Texas Press, 344–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koopmans, Tjalling C. 1949. “Optimum Utilization of Transportation Systems.” Econometrica 17, 136–146.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lösch, August. 1940. Die Raumlich Ordnumg der Wirtschaft. Jena: Fischer (English translation by Woglom, W.G., 1954, The Economics of Location. New Haven: Yale University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lotka, Alfred J. 1920. “Analytical Notes on Certain Rhythmic Relations in Organic Systems.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, United States 6, 410–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, Ira S. 1964. A Model of Metropolis. RM-4035-RC, Rand Corporation, Santa Monica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lung, Yannick. 1988. “Complexity of Spatial Dynamics Modelling. From Catastrophe Theory to Self Organizing Process: A Review of the Literature.” Annals of Regional Science 22, 81–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, Benoit B. 1965. “Very Long-Tailed Probability Distributions and the Empirical Distribution of City Sizes,” in Fred Massarik and Philbun Ratoosh, eds., Mathematical Exploration in Behavioral Science. Homewood: L.R. Irwin, 322–332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, Benoit B. 1969. “Long-Run Linearity, Locally Gaussian Process, H-Spectra, and Infinite Variances.” International Economic Review 10, 82–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, Benoit B. 1972. “Statistical Methodology for Nonperiodic Cycles: From Covariance to R/S Analysis.” Annals of Economic and Social Measurement 1, 259–290.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandelbrot, Benoit B. 1983. The Fractal Geometry of Nature. New York: W.H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maturana, Humberto R. and Francisco Varela. 1975. Autopoietic Systems. Report BCL 9.4. Urbana: Biological Computer Laboratory, University of Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Robert M. 1976. “Simple Mathematical Models with Very Complicated Dynamics.” Nature 261, 459–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • May, Robert M. and George F. Oster. 1976. “Bifurcating and Dynamic Complexity in Simple Ecological Models.” American Naturalist 110, 573–599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Medio, Alfredo. 1984. “Synergetics and Dynamic Economic Models,” in Richard M. Goodwin, M. Kruger, and Alessandro Vercelli, eds., Nonlinear Models of Fluctuating Growth. Berlin: Springer, 166–191.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicolis, Grégoire and Ilya Prigogine. 1977. Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems: From Dissipative Structures to Order Through Fluctuations. New York: Wiley-Interscience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nijkamp, Peter and Jacques Poot. 1987. “Dynamics of Generalized Spatial Interaction Models.” Regional Science and Urban Economics 17, 367–390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orishimo, Isao. 1987. “An Approach to Urban Dynamics.” Geographical Analysis 19, 200–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Papageorgiou, G.J. 1980. “On Sudden Urban Growth.” Environment and Planning A 12, 1035–1050.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1979. “Regional Modelling and Structural Stability.” Environment and Planning A 11, 1431–1438.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1981a. “Stability and Change in Two-Dimensional Flows,” in Daniel A. Griffith and R.D. MacKinnon, eds., Dynamic Spatial Models. Alphen aan den Rijn: Sitjhoff and Noordhoff, 242–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1981b. “Structural Stability in Geographical Space.” Environment and Planning A 13, 979–989.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1982. “Outline of a Trade Cycle Model in Continuous Space and Time.” Geographical Analysis 14, 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1986. “Multiple-Accelerator Models Revisited.” Regional Science and Urban Economics16, 81–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1987. “Complex Dynamics in Continuous Models of the Business Cycle,” in David Batten, John Casti, and Börje Johannson, eds., Economic Evolution and Structural Adjustment. Berlin: Springer, 227–259.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1989. Nonlinear Economic Dynamics. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Puu, Tönu. 1990. “A Chaotic Model of the Business Cycle.” Occasional Paper Series on Socio-Spatial Dynamics 1, 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogerson, Peter A. 1985. “Disequilibrium Adjustment Processes and Chaotic Dynamics.” Geographical Analysis 17, 185–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosser, J. Barkley, Jr. 1990a. “Approaches to the Analysis of the Morphogenesis of Regional Systems.” Occasional Paper Series on Socio-Spatial Dynamics 1(2), 75–102.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, Paul A. 1939. “Interactions between the Multiplier Analysis and the Principle of Acceleration.” Review of Economics and Statistics 21, 75–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, Paul A. 1967. “A Universal Cycle?,” in R. Henn, ed., Methods of Operations Research III. Muhlgasse: Verlag Anton Hain, 170–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, Paul A. 1971. “Generalized Predator-Prey Oscillations in Ecological and Economic Equilibrium.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 68, 980–983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schrödinger, Erwin. 1944. What is Life? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, Eric. 1983. “Pasinetti, Marx and Urban Accumulation Dynamics,” in Daniel A. Griffith and Anthony C. Lea, eds., Evolving Geographical Structures: Mathematical Models and Theories for Space-Time Processes. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 293–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turing, Alan M. 1952. “The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 237, 37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Pol, Balthasar. 1927. “Forced Oscillations in a Circuit with Nonlinear Resistance (Receptance with Reactive Triode).” London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine 3, 65–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volterra, V. 1937. “Principes de Biologia Mathématique.” Acta Biotheoretica 3, 1–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Bertalanffy, Ludwig. 1962. General Systems Theory. New York: George Braziller.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wegener, Michael. 1982. “Modelling Urban Decline: A Multi-Level Economic-Demographic Model of the Dortmund Region.” International Regional Science Review 7, 21–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wegener, Michael, Friedrich Gnad, and Michael Vannahme. 1986. “The Time Scale of Urban Change,” in Bruce Hutchinson and Michael Batty, eds., Advances in Urban Systems Modelling. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 175–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, Roger W. 1985. “Transitions to Chaos with Increasing System Complexity: The Case of Regional Industrial Systems.” Environment and Planning A 17, 387–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Wei-Bin. 1988. “The Pattern Formation of an Urban System.” Geographical Analysis 20, 75–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zipf, George K. 1941. National Unity and Disunity. Bloomington: Principia Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • von Thünen, Johann Heinrich. 1826. Der Isolierte Staat in Biechiezung auf Landwirtschaft und Nationaleckonomie. Hamburg: Perthes (English translation by Wartenberg, C.M., 1966, The Isolated State. New York: Pergamon Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kantorovich, Leonid V. 1942. “On the Translocation of Masses.” Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 37: translated into English in Management Science 5, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. 1980b. “A Basic Model of Urban Dynamics Expressed as a Set of Volterra-Lotka Equations,” in Dimitrios S. Dendrinos, ed., Catastrophe Theory in Urban and Transport Analysis, Report No. DOT/RSPA/DPB-25/80/20. Washington: US Department of Transportation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Henry Mulally. 1985. Urban Evolution: Studies in the Mathematical Ecology of Cities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Henry Mulally. 1981. “Evolutionaly Patterns of Urban Populations.” Geographical Analysis 13, 328–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Henry Mulally. 1983a. “Empirical Evidence of Volterra-Lotka Dynamics in United States Metropolitan Areas: 1940–1977,” in Griffith, Daniel A. and Lea, Anthony C., eds., Evolving Geographical Structures: Mathematical Models and Theories for Space-Time Processes. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 170–195.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Henry Mulally. 1984. “Interurban Population and Capital Accumulations and Structural Stability.” Applied Mathematics and Computation 14, 11–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Michael Sonis. 1987. “The Onset of Turbulence in Discrete Relative Multiple Spatial Dynamics.” Applied Mathematics and Computation 22, 25–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Michael Sonis. 1988. “Nonlinear Discrete Relative Population Dynamics of the U.S. Regions.” Applied Mathematics and Computation 25, 265–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Michael Sonis. 1989. Turbulence and Socio-Spatial Dynamics: Toward a Theory of Social Systems Evolution. Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Michael Sonis. 1990. “Signatures of Chaos: Rules in Sequences of Spatial Stock Size Distributions for Discrete Relative Dynamics?” Occasional Paper Series on Socio-Spatial Dynamics 1, 57–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dendrinos, Dimitrios S. and Michael Sonis. 1986. “Variational Principles and Conservation Conditions in Volterra’s Ecology and in Urban Relative Dynamics.” Journal of Regional Science 26, 359–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Batten, David and Börje Johansson. 1987. “Dynamics of Metropolitan Change.” Geographical Analysis 19, 189–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diener, Marc and Tim Poston. 1984. “The Perfect Delay Convention, or The Revolt of the Slaved Variables,” in Hermann Haken, ed., Chaos and Order in Nature, 2nd Edition. Berlin: Springer, 249–268.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorenz, Hans-Walter. 1987b. “International Trade and the Possible Occurrence of Chaos.” Economics Letters 23, 135–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosser, J. Barkley, Jr. 1974. “A Review of Concepts Employed in Urban and Regional Economic Models.” Institute for Environmental Studies Working Paper 15, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics, James Madison University, South Main St. 800, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA

    J. Barkley Rosser

Authors
  1. J. Barkley Rosser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to J. Barkley Rosser .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rosser, J.B. (2011). Morphogenesis of Regional Systems. In: Complex Evolutionary Dynamics in Urban-Regional and Ecologic-Economic Systems. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8828-7_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation