The Thames estuary: a history of the impact of humans on the environment and a description of the current approach to environmental management

Abstract

The environment and ecology of the Thames estuary are closely linked with the activities of humans. The estuary was initially used by humans for food, then for transport and communication and more recently as a location for industry and development. With the growth of London in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, parts of the estuary became polluted and devoid of much aquatic life. In addition, valuable estuarine habitat was lost to farming, residential and industrial development. Extensive remedial action has resulted in an improved water quality and much wildlife has returned. The estuary can again be considered as a valuable natural resource. However, the threat to the environment from human activity still remains and the importance of careful environmental regulation is clear for all to see.