Abstract
This chapter describes and discusses the problem of efficient checking of complex rule conditions expressed as database queries. For this, several methods have been proposed that are based on the technique of incremental evaluation. With incremental evaluation, the state of a rule condition is materialized and, after an update, the new state of the condition is defined incrementally in terms of differences to the materialized state generated by the update. First an overview of the traditional methods for incremental evaluation is given. Then a partial differencing calculus is defined for set algebra and is then mapped to the relational operators. Examples are given on how the calculus has been used to define an algorithm that allows trade offs between space and time efficiency when checking complex rule conditions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
L. Brownston, R. Farrell, E. Kant, and N. Martin. Programming Expert Systems in OPS5. Addison-Wesley, 1985.
J.A. Blakely, P-Å. Larson, and F.W. Tompa. Efficiently Updating Materialized Views. In SIGMOD Conf., pages 61–71, 1986.
S. Ceri and J. Widom. Deriving Production Rules for Incremental View Maintenance. In R. Camps, G.M. Lohman, A. Sernadas, editors, 17th Intl. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, pages 577–589. Morgan Kaufmann, 1991.
G. Dong and J. Su. First-Order Incremental Evaluation of Datalog Queries. In 4th Intl. Workshop on Database Programming Languages, pages 295–308, 1993.
D. Fishman, J. Annevelink, E. Chow, T. Connors, J.W. Davis, W. Hasan, CG. Hoch, W. Kent, S. Leichner, P. Lyngbaek, B. Mahbod, M.A. Neimat, T. Risch, M.C. Chan, and W.K. Wilkinson. Overview of the Iris DBMS. In W. Kim and F.H. Lochovsky, editors, Object-Oriented Concepts, Databases, and Applications, pages 219–250. ACM Press, 1989.
C.L. Forgy. Rete: A Fast Algorithm for the Many Pattern/Many Object Pattern Match Problem. Artificial Intelligence, 19(1):17–37, 1982.
S. Flodin and T. Risch. Processing Object-Oriented Queries with Invertible Late Bound Functions. In 21st Intl. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB’95), pages 335–344, 1995.
F. Fabret, M. Regnier, and E. Simon. An Adaptive Algorithm for Incremental Evaluation of Production Rules in Databases. In R. Agrawal, S. Baker, and D. Bell, editors, 19th Intl. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, pages 455–466. Morgan Kaufmann, 1993.
G. Fahl, T. Risch, and M. Sköld. AMOS-an Architecture for Active Mediators. In Intl. Workshop on Next Generation Information Technologies and Systems (NGITS’93), pages 47–53, 1993.
S. Ghandeharizadeh, R. Hull, and D. Jacobs. Heraclitus: Elevating Deltas to be First-Class Citizens in a Database Programming Language. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 21(3):370–426, 9 1996.
A. Gupta and I.S. Mumick. Maintenance of Materialized Views: Problems, Techniques and Applications. IEEE Quarterly Bulletin on Data Engineering, 18(2), 1995.
E.N. Hanson. Rule Condition Testing and Action Execution in Ariel. In Proc. SIGMOD, pages 49–58. ACM, 1992.
J.D. Harrison and S.W. Dietrich. Condition Monitoring in an Active Deductive Database. Technical Report TR-91-022, Arizona State University, 12 1991.
A.G.D. Katiyar and I.S. Mumick. Maintaining Views Incrementally. Technical Report, AT&T Bell Laboratories, 1992.
S. Koenig and R. Paige. A Transformational Framework for the Automatic Control of Derived Data. In Proc. 7th Intl. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, pages 306–318. IEEE, 1981.
W. Litwin and T. Risch. Main Memory Oriented Optimization of OO Queries Using Typed Datalog with Foreign Predicates. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 4(6), 12 1992.
P. Lyngbaek. OSQL: A Language for Object Databases. Technical Report HPL-DTD-91-4, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1 1991.
S-A. Machani. Events in an Object Relational Database System. Technical Report LiTH-IDA-Ex-9634, University of Linköping, 1996.
D.P. Miranker. TREAT: A Better Match Algorithm for AI Production Systems. In Proc. AAAI, pages 42–47, 1987.
R. Paige and S. Koenig. Finite Differencing of Computable Expressions. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, 4(2):402–454, 1992.
X. Qian and G. Wiederhold. Incremental Recomputation of Active Relational Expressions. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 3(3):337–341, 1991.
A. Rosenthal, S. Chakravarthy, B. Blaustein, and J. Blakeley. Situation Monitoring for Active Databases. In M.G. Apers and G. Wiederhold, editors, Proc. 15th Intl. Conf. on Very Large Data Bases, pages 455–464, 1989.
T. Risch. Monitoring Database Objects. In P.M.G. Apers and G. Wiederhold, editors, Proc. 15th Intl. Conf. on Very Large Databases, pages 445–453, 8 1989.
T. Risch and M. Sköld. Active Rules Based on Object Oriented Queries. IEEE Quarterly Bulletin on Data Engineering, Special Issue on Active Databases, 1992.
P. Selinger, M.M. Astrahan, R.A. Chamberlin, R.A. Lorie, and T.G. Price. Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System. In SIGMOD Conf., pages 23–54. ACM, 1979.
D.W. Shipman. The Functional Data Model and the Data Language Daplex. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 6(1), 3 1981.
M. Stonebraker, A. Jhingran, J. Goh, and S. Potamianos. On Rules, Procedures, Caching and Views in Database Systems. In Proc. ACM SIGMOD, pages 281–290, 1990.
M. Skold. Active Database Management Systems for Monitoring and Control. Dissertation No. 494. Linköping University, 9 1997.
M. Sköld and T. Risch. Using Partial Differencing for Efficient Monitoring of Deferred Complex Rule Conditions. In Stanley Y.W. Su, editor, Proc. 12th Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering, pages 392–401. IEEE Computer Society Press, 1996.
J.D Ullman. Principles of Database and Knowledge-Base Systems, Volume I & II. Computer Science Press, 1989.
J. Widom and S.J. Finkelstein. Set-Oriented Production Rules in Relational Database Systems. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, pages 259–270, 1990.
Y-W Wang and E.N. Hanson. A Performance Comparison of the Rete and TREAT Algorithms for Testing Database Rule Conditions. In Proc. Data Engineering, pages 88–97. IEEE, 1992.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Risch, T., Sköld, M. (1999). Monitoring Complex Rule Conditions. In: Paton, N.W. (eds) Active Rules in Database Systems. Monographs in Computer Science. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8656-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8656-6_5
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4612-6448-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8656-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive