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Cell Surface Dynamics of GPI-Anchored Proteins

  • Chapter
ADP-Ribosylation in Animal Tissues

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 419))

Abstract

Several cell surface eukaryotic proteins have a glycosylphosphoinositol lipid (GPI) modification at the carboxy-terminal end that serves as their sole means of membrane anchoring. In this report we review recent observations regarding the surface dynamics of GPI-anchored proteins. We discuss the association of GPI-anchored proteins with caveolae at the cell surface and their role in signal transduction as determined by the ability of GPI-anchored proteins to form detergent-insoluble complexes enriched in several cytoplasmic proteins including non-receptor type tyrosine kinases and caveolin/VIP-21, a component of the striated coat of caveolae. We have shown by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy that GPI-anchored proteins are not constitutively concentrated in caveolae but may be enriched in these structures only after cross-linking. While caveolae occupy only a small fraction of the cell surface (< 4%) almost all of the GPI-anchored protein at the cell surface becomes incorporated into detergent-insoluble low-density complexes, suggesting that these proteins are intrinsically detergent-insoluble in the milieu of the plasma membrane, and their co-purification with caveolin is not reflective of their native distribution. The finding that GPI-anchored proteins are not normally clustered over caveolae raised questions about the involvement of caveolae in the internalization of GPI-anchored proteins. In recent studies we have found that GPI-anchored proteins are internalized into bona fide endosomes wherein they appear to be sorted from bulk membrane components. The implications of these observations on the biology of GPI-anchored proteins are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Cornell University Medical College, 10021, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    Frederick R. Maxfield

  2. National Centre for Biological Sciences, TIFR Centre, Post Box 1234, IISC Campus, Bangalore, 560012, India

    Satyajit Mayor

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  1. Frederick R. Maxfield
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  1. University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany

    Friedrich Haag  & Friedrich Koch-Nolte  & 

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Maxfield, F.R., Mayor, S. (1997). Cell Surface Dynamics of GPI-Anchored Proteins. In: Haag, F., Koch-Nolte, F. (eds) ADP-Ribosylation in Animal Tissues. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 419. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8632-0_47

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8632-0_47

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4652-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8632-0

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