Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments pp 447–459Cite as

The Great Lakes Ecological Assessment

  • Chapter

  • 401 Accesses

Abstract

French explorer Jean Nicolet led the first European expedition to the northern Great Lakes region in 1634 (Stearns, 1997). This began a period of exploration and fur trading that lasted into the early 19th century. Many small settlements were established as trading centers, army posts, and missions, which subsequently grew into towns and cities as the midwestern U.S. population grew, with an attending growth in the demand for lumber.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Andersen, O.; Crow, T. R.; Lietz, S. M.; Steams, F. W. 1996. Transformation of a landscape in the upper Midwest, USA: the history of the lower St. Croix River valley, 1830 to present. Landscape Urban Plan.35: 247–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardille, J. A. 1998. Wildfires in the northern Great Lakes region: assessment at multiple scales of factors influencing wildfires in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Master’s thesis. Madison, WI: Environmental Monitoring, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catton, B. 1984. Michigan: a history.New York: W.W. Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, N. L.; Bartuska, A. M.; Brown, J. H.; Carpenter, S.; D’Antonio, C.; Francis, R.; Franklin, J. F.; MacMahon, J. A.; Noss, R. F.; Parsons, D. L; Peterson, C. H.; Turner, M. G.; Woodmansee, R. G. 1996. The report of the Ecological Society of America committee on the scientific basis for ecosystem management. Ecol. Appl.6(3):665–691.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleland, D. T.; Avers, P. E.; McNab, W. H.; Jensen, M. E.; Bailey, R. G.; King, T.; Russell, W. E. 1997. National hierarchical framework of ecological units. In: Boyce, M. S.; Haney, A., eds. Ecosystem management: applications for sustainable forest and wildlife resources.New Haven, CT, & London: Yale University Press: 181–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Comer, P. J.; Albert, D. A.; Wells, H. A.; Hart, B. L.; Raab, J. B.; Price D. L.; Kashian, D. M; Corner, R. A.; Schuen, D. W. 1995. Michigan’s native landscape, as interpreted from the General Land Office Surveys 1816-1856. Lansing, MI: Michigan Natural Features Inventory.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denevan, W. M. 1992. The pristine myth: the landscape of the Americas in 1492. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geogr. 82(3):369–385.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finley, R. W. 1976. Map. Original vegetation cover of Wisconsin, compiled from U.S. General Land Office notes.Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Extension map (1: 500,000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagenstein, P. R. 1997. Interregional competition and the Lake States forest resources. In: Vasievich, J. M.; Webster, H. H., eds. Lake States regional forest resources assessment, technical papers.NC-GTR-189. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.: 270–289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Host, G. E.; Polzer, P. L. 1997. A comparison of forest cover classifications in the Great Lakes region based on AVHRR and Landsat Thematic Mapper Imagery.Tech. Rept. NRRI/TR-97/06. Duluth, MN: Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marschner, F. J. 1974. The original vegetation of Minnesota, a map compiled in 1930 by F. J. Marschner under the direction of M. L. Heinselman of the U.S. Forest Service. St Paul, MN: Cartography Laboratory of the Department of Geography, University of Minnesota-St. Paul. Map (1: 500,000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, L. D.; Chappelle, D. E. 1997. Updated estimates of jobs and payrolls in tourism and forest products industries in the Lake States. In: Vasievich, J. M.; Webster, H. H., eds. Lake States regional forest resources assessment, technical papers.NC-GTR-189. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.: 179–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powell, D. S.; Faulkner, J. L.; Darr, D. R.; Zhu, Z.; MacCleery, D. W. 1993. Forest resources of the United States, 1992.RM-GTR-234. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Rocky Mountain For. Range Exp. Sta. (revised June 1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Resh, S. 1994. Assessing the availability of timberland for harvest in the Lake States.Master’s thesis. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seesholtz, D.; Freeman, P.; Sorenson, D.; Padley, E.; Jordan, J. 1995. North woods broad-scale issue identification project.Unnumbered report. Milwaukee, WI: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., Eastern Region.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stearns, F. W. 1997. History of the Lake States: natural and human impacts. In: Vasievich, J. M.; Webster, H. H., eds. Lake States regional forest resources assessment, technical papers.NC-GTR-189. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.: 8–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stynes, D. J. 1997. Recreation activity and tourism spending in the Lake States. In: Vasievich, J. M.; Webster, H. H., eds. Lake States regional forest resources assessment, technical papers.NC-GTR-189. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.: 139–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasievich, J. M.; Webster, H. H., editors. 1997. Lake States regional forest resources assessment, technical papers.NC-GTR-189. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasievich, J. M.; Potter-Witter, K.; Leefers, L. A. 1997. Timber supply and market trends in the Lake States. In: Vasievich, J. M.; Webster, H. H., eds. Lake States regional forest resources assessment, technical papers. NC-GTR-189. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Dept. Agric., For. Serv., North Central For. Exp. Sta.: 290–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolter, P. T.; Mladenoff, D.; Host, G.; Crow, T. R. 1995. Improved forest classification in the northern Lake States using multi-temporal Landsat imagery. Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sensing61(9): 1129–1143.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. David T. Cleland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Larry A. Leefers
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. Michael Vasievich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thomas R. Crow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Eunice A. Padley
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. USDA Forest Service, Northern Region, 200 East Broadway, Missoula, MT, 59807, USA

    Mark E. Jensen

  2. Institute of Alpine and Arctic Research, University of Colorado, 1560 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0450, USA

    Patrick S. Bourgeron

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cleland, D.T., Leefers, L.A., Vasievich, J.M., Crow, T.R., Padley, E.A. (2001). The Great Lakes Ecological Assessment. In: Jensen, M.E., Bourgeron, P.S. (eds) A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8620-7_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-98583-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8620-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation