Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Allergenicity of Milk Proteins

  • Chapter
Advanced Dairy Chemistry—1 Proteins

Abstract

The proportion of the population with allergies caused by food has increased recently in developed nations. It is unfortunate, indeed, when the food that we eat makes us ill, because food is indispensable for life. The Ministry for Health and Welfare of Japan reported that 12.6% of Japanese children aged six years or less have food allergies (Iikura et al., 1999). There are many kinds of food allergens, the substances that cause food allergies. Cow’s milk protein is one of the most common food allergens in many developed countries (Eigenman and Sampson, 1997; Chiaramonte et al., 1999).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 229.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

REFERENCES

  1. Abbas, A.K., Murphy, K.M. and Sher, A. (1996) Functional diversity of helper T lymphocytes. Nature, 383, 787–93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Adams, S.L., Bamett, D., Walsh, B.J., Pearce, R.J., Hill, D.J. and Howden, M.E. (1991) Human IgE-binding synthetic peptides of bovine β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin. In vitro cross-reactivity of the allergens. Immunol. Cell Biol., 69, 191–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Alexander, L.J., Hayes, G., Pearse, M.J., Beattie, C.W., Stewart, A.F., Willis, I.M. and Mackinlay, A.G. (1989) Complete sequence of the bovine β-lactoglobulin cDNA. Nucl. Acids Res., 17, 6739.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Ametani, A., Kaminogawa, S., Shimizu, M. and Yamauchi, K. (1987) Rapid screening of antigenically reactive fragments of αs1-casein using HPLC and ELISA. J. Biochem., 102, 421–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ametani, A., Kim, S.M., Kaminogawa, S. and Yamauchi, K. (1988) Antibody response of three different strains of mice to αs1-casein analyzed by using proteolytic and synthetic peptides. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 154, 876–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Bahna, S.L. and Heiner, D.C. (1980) Allergies to Milk, Grune and Stratton, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Ball, G., Shelton, M.J., Walsh, B.J., Hill, D.J., Hosking, C.S. and Howden, M.E. (1994) A major continuous allergenic epitope of bovine β-lactoglobulin recognized by human IgE binding. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 24, 758–64.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Barlow, D.J., Edwards, M.S. and Thornton, J.M. (1986) Continuous and discontinuous protein antigenic determinants. Nature, 322, 747–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Baudon, J.J., Mougenot, J.F. and Didry, J.R. (1987) Lymphoblastic stimulation test with food proteins in digestive intolerance to cow’s milk and in infant diarrheas. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 6, 244–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Benjamin, D.C., Berzofsky, J.A., East, I.J., Gurd, F.R.N., Hannum, C., Leach, S.J., Margoliash, E., Michael, J.G., Miller, A., Prager, E.M., Reichlin, M., Sercarz, E.E., Smith-Gill, S.J., Todd, P.E. and Wilson A.C. (1984) The antigenic structure of proteins: a reappraisal. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 2, 67–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bernard, H., Créminon, C., Yvon, M. and Wal, J.-M. (1998) Specificity of the human IgE response to the different purified caseins in allergy to cow’s milk proteins. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 115, 235–44.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bleumink, E. and Young, E. (1968) Identification of the atopic allergen in cow’s milk. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol., 34, 521–43.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Braunitzer, G., Chen, R., Schrank, B. and Stangl, A. (1973) The sequence of β-lactoglobulin. Hoppe Seyler’s Z. Physiol. Chem., 354, 867–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Brocke, S., Gijbels, K., Allegretta, M., Ferber, I., Piercy, C., Blankenstein, T., Martin, R., Utz, U., Karin, N., Mitchell, D., Veromaa, T., Waisman, A., Gaur, A., Conlon, P., Ling, N., Fairchild, P.J., Wraith, D.C., O’Garra, A., Fathman, C.G. and Steinman, L. (1996) Treatment of experimental encephalomyelitis with a peptide analogue of myelin basic protein. Nature, 379, 343–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brownlow, S., Morais, C.J., Cooper, R., Flower, D.R., Yewdall, S.J., Polikarpov, I., North, A.C. and Sawyer, L. (1997) Bovine β-lactoglobulin at 1.8 Å resolution-still an enigmatic lipocalin. Structure, 5, 481–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Bruijnzeel-Koomen, C., Ortolani, C., Aas, K., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjorksten, B., Moneret-Vautrin, D. and Wuthrich, B. (1995) Adverse reactions to food. European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Subcommittee. Allergy, 50, 623–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Businco, L., Cantani, A., Longhi, M.A. and Giampietro, P.G. (1989) Anaphylactic reactions to a cow’s milk whey protein hydrolysate (Alfa-Re, Nestle) in infants with cow’s milk allergy. Ann. Allergy, 62, 333–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Businco, L. and Bellanti, J. (1993) Food allergy in childhood. Hypersensitivity to cows’ milk allergens. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 23, 481–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. usinco, L., Dreborg, S., Einarsson, R., Giampietro, P.G., Host, A., Keller, K.M., Strobel, S., Wahn, U., Björkstén, B., Kjellman, M.N. Sampson, H. and Zeiger, R. (1993) Hydrolysed cow’s milk formulae. Allergenicity and use in treatment and prevention. An ESPACI position paper. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 4, 101–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Businco, L., Bruno, G. and Giampietro, P.G. (1999) Prevention and management of food allergy. Acta Paediatr. Suppl., 430, 104–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. uts, J.P., Cadranel, S., Deprettere, A., Scaillon, M., Sokal, E., Van Caillie-Bertrand, M., Vandenplas, Y. and Vanwinckel, M. (1994) Hypo-allergenic formulae: what’s in a name? Eur. J. Pediatr., 153, 390–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chiancone, E., Gattoni, M., Giampietro, P.G., Ragno, V. and Businco, L. (1995) Detection of undegraded β-loactoglobulins and evaluation of the molecular weight of peptides in hydrolysate cow’s milk formulae. J. Investig. Allergol. Clin. Immunol., 5, 228–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chiaramonte, L.T., Bassett, C.W. and Altman, D.R. (1999) Food Allergy Perception and Reality, in Food Hypersensitivity and Adverse Reactions. A Practical Guide for Diagnosis and Management, (M. Fried and B. Kettelhut eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 155–64.

    Google Scholar 

  24. De Magistris, M., Alexander, J., Coggeshall, M., Altman, A., Gaeta, F.C., Grey, H.M. and Sette, A. (1992) Antigen analog-major histocompatibility complexes act as antagonists of the T cell receptor. Cell, 68, 625–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. del Val, G., Yee, B.C., Lozano, R.M., Buchanan, B.B., Ermel, R.W., Lee, Y.-M. and Frick, O.L. (1999) Thioredoxin treatment increase digestibility and lowers allergenicity of milk. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 103, 690–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Docena, G.H., Fernandez, R., Chirdo, F.G. and Fossati, C.A (1996) Identification of casein as the major allergenic and antigenic protein of cow’s milk. Allergy, 51, 412–6.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Eigenman, P.A. and Sampson, H.A. (1997) Adverse reactions to food, in Allergy, 2nd edn., (A.P. Kaplan ed.) W.B. Sauders Company, Philadelphia, pp. 542–65.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Enomoto, A., Shon, D.H., Aoki, Y., Yamauchi, K. and Kaminogawa, S. (1990) Antibodies raised against peptide fragments of bovine αs1-casein cross-react with the intact protein only when the peptides contain both B and T cell determinants. Mol. Immunol., 27, 581–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Enomoto, A., Konishi, M., Hachimura, S. and Kaminogawa, S. (1993) Milk whey protein fed as a constituent of the diet induced both oral tolerance and a systemic humoral response, while heat-denatured whey protein induced only oral tolerance. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 66, 136–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Evavold, B.D. and Allen, P.M. (1991) Separation of IL-4 production from Th cell proliferation by an altered T cell receptor ligand. Science, 252, 1308–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Franco, A., Southwood, S., Arrhenius, T., Kuchroo, V.K., Grey, H.M., Sette, A. and Ishioka, G.Y. (1994) T cell receptor antagonist peptides are highly effective inhibitors of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Eur. J. Immunol., 24, 940–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Freier, S., Kletter, B., Gery, I., Lebenthal, E. and Geifman, M. (1969) Intolerance to milk protein. J. Pediatr., 75, 623–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Geysen, H.M., Meloen, R.H. and Barteling, S.J. (1984) Use of peptide synthesis to probe viral antigens for epitopes to a resolution of a single amino acid. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 81, 3998–4002.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Geysen, H.M., Rodda, S.J., Mason, T.J., Tribbick, G. and Schoofs, P.G. (1987) Strategies for epitope analysis using peptide synthesis. J. Immunol. Meth., 102, 259–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Goldman, A.S., Anderson, J.D.W., Sellers, W.A., Saperstein, S., Kniker, W.T. and Halpern, S.R. (1963a) Milk allergy I. Oral challenge with milk and isolated milk proteins in allergic children. Pediatrics, 32, 425–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Goldman, A.S., Sellers, W.A., Halpern, S.R., Anderson, D.W., Furlow, T.E. and Johnson, J.C.H. (1963b) Milk allergy II. Skin testing of allergic and normal children with purified milk proteins. Pediatrics, 32, 572–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hachimura, S., Fujikawa, Y., Enomoto, A., Kim, S.M., Ametani, A. and Kaminogawa, S. (1994) Differential inhibition of T and B cell responses to individual antigenic determinants in orally tolerized mice. Int. Immunol., 6, 1791–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Haddad, Z.H., Kalra, V. and Verma, S. (1979) IgE antibodies to peptic and peptictryptic digests of β-lactoglobulin: significance in food hypersensitivity. Ann. Allergy, 42, 368–71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hattori, M., Ametani, A., Katakura, Y., Shimizu, M. and Kaminogawa, S. (1993) Unfolding/refolding studies on bovine β-lactoglobulin with monoclonal antibodies as probes. Does a renatured protein completely refold? J. Biol. Chem., 268, 22414–9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Heinzmann, A., Blattmann, S., Spuergin, P., Forster, J. and Deichmann, K.A. (1999) The recognition pattern of sequential B cell epitopes of β-lactoglobulin does not vary with the clinical manifestations of cow’s milk allergy. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 120, 280–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Hisatsune, T., Nishijima, K., Kohyama, M., Kato, H. and Kaminogawa, S. (1995) CD8+ T cells specific to the exogenous antigen. Mode of antigen recognition and possible implication in immunosuppression. J. Immunol., 154, 88–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Host, A. (1994) Cow’s milk protein allergy and intolerance in infancy: some clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 5(Suppl.), 5–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Host, A. (1997) Cow’s milk allergy. J. R. Soc. Med., 90(Suppl. 30), 34–9.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Host, A., Jacobsen, H.P., Halken, S. and Holmenlund, D. (1995) The natural history of cow’s milk protein allergy/intolerance. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr., 49(Suppl. 1), S13–8.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Iikura, Y., Imai, Y., Imai, T., Akasawa, A., Fujita, K., Hoshiyama, K., Nakura, H., Kohno, Y., Koike, K., Okudaira, H. and Iwasaki, E. (1999) Frequency of immediate-type food allergy in children in Japan. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 118, 251–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Isolauri, E., Sutas, Y., Makinen, K.S., Oja, S.S., Isosomppi, R. and Turjanmaa, K. (1995) Efficacy and safety of hydrolyzed cow milk and amino acid-derived formulas in infants with cow milk allergy. J. Pediatr., 127, 550–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kaminogawa, S. (1996) Food allergy, oral tolerance and immunomodulation— Their molecular and cellular mechanisms. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 60, 1749–56.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Kaminogawa, S., Kumagai, K., Yamauchi, K., Iwasaki, E., Mukoyama, T. and Baba, M. (1984) Allergic skin reactivity and chemical-properties of allergens in 2 grades of lactose. J. Food Sci., 49, 529–35.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kaminogawa, S., Hattori, M., Ando, O., Kurisaki, K. and Yamauchi, K. (1987) Preparation of monoclonal-antibody against bovine β-lactoglobulin and its unique binding-affinity. Agric. Biol Chem., 51, 797–802.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Kaminogawa, S., Shimizu, M., Ametani, A., Hattori, M., Ando, O., Hachimura, S., Nakamura, Y., Totsuka, M. and Yamauchi, K. (1989) Monoclonal antibodies as probes for monitoring the denaturation process of bovine β-lactoglobulin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 998, 50–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Kaminogawa, S., Hachimura, S., Nakajima-Adachi, H. and Totsuka, M. (1999) Food allergens and mucosal immune systems with special reference to recognition of food allergens by gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Allergol. Int., 48, 15–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Karin, N., Mitchell, D.J., Brocke. S., Ling, N. and Steinman, L. (1994) Reversal of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by a soluble peptide variant of a myelin basic protein epitope: T cell receptor antagonism and reduction of interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. J. Exp. Med., 180, 2227–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Katakura, Y., Totsuka, M., Ametani, A. and Kaminogawa, S. (1994) Tryptophan-19 of β-lactoglobulin, the only residue completely conserved in the lipocalin superfamily, is not essential for binding retinol, but relevant to stabilizing bound retinol and maintaining its structure. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1207, 58–67.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kim, S.M., Enomoto, A., Hachimura, S., Yamauchi, K. and Kaminogawa, S. (1993) Serum antibody response elicited by a casein diet is directed to only limited determinants of αs1-casein. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 101, 260–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Kobayashi, I., Sakiyama, Y., Tame, A., Kobayashi, K. and Matsumoto, S. (1996) IgE and IgG4 antibodies from patients with mite allergy recognize different epitopes of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus group II antigen (Der p 2). J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 97, 638–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kohyama, M., Kakehi, M., Totsuka, M., Hachimura, S., Hisatsune, T. and Kaminogawa, S. (1998) Selective induction of CD8+ T cell functions by single substituted analogs of an antigenic peptide: distinct signals for IL-10 production. FEBS Lett., 423, 138–42.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Kuchroo, V.K., Greer, J.M., Kaul, D., Ishioka, G., Franco, A., Sette, A., Sobel, R.A. and Lees, M.B. (1994) A single TCR antagonist peptide inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis mediated by a diverse T cell repertoire. J. Immunol., 153, 3326–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Kuitunen, P., Visakorpi, J.K., Savilahti, E. and Pelkonen, P. (1975) Malabsorption syndrome with cow’s milk intolerance. Clinical findings and course in 54 cases. Arch. Dis. Child., 50, 351–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kumosinski, T.F., Brown, E.M. and Farrel, H.M., Jr. (1991) Three-dimensional molecular modeling of bovine αs1-casein. J. Dairy Sci., 74, 2889–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lee, Y.H. (1992) Food-processing approaches to altering allergenic potential of milk-based formula. J. Pediatr., 121, S47–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Maeji, N.J., Bray, A.M. and Geysen, H.M. (1990) Multi-pin peptide synthesis strategy for T cell determinant analysis. J. Immunol. Methods, 134, 23–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Makinen, K.S. and Sorva, R. (1993) Bovine β-lactoglobulin levels in hydrolysed protein formulas for infant feeding. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 23, 287–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. Miller, K., Meredith, C., Sélo, I. and Wal, J.M. (1999) Allergy to bovine β-lactoglobulin: specificity of immunoglobulin E generated in the Brown Norway rat to tryptic and synthetic peptides. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 29, 1696–704.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Mizumachi, K., Kurisaki, J. and Tsuji, N.M. (1990) Modification of antigenic structure in the C-terminal region of bovine β-lactoglobulin. Proc XXIII Int. Dairy Congr. (Montreal)., 284.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Nakajima, H., Hachimura, S., Nishiwaki, S., Katsuki, T., Shimojo, N., Ametani, A., Kohno, Y. and Kaminogawa, S. (1996) Establishment and characterization of αs1-casein-specific T-cell lines from patients allergic to cow’s milk: unexpected higher frequency of CD8+ T-cell lines. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 97, 1342–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Nakajima-Adachi, H., Hachimura, S., Ise, W., Honma, K., Nishiwaki, S., Hirota, M., Shimojo, N., Katsuki, T., Ametani, A., Kohno, Y. and Kaminogawa, S. (1998) Determinant analysis of IgE and IgG4 antibodies and T cells specific for bovine αs1-casein from the same patients allergic to cow’s milk: existence of αs1-casein-specific B cells and T cells characteristic in cow’s-milk allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 101, 660–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Négroni, L., Bernard, H., Clement, G., Chatel, J.M., Brune, P., Frobert, Y., Wal, J.-M. and Grassi, J. (1998) Two-site enzyme immunometric assays for determination of naive and denatured β-lactoblobulin. J. Immunol. Meths., 220, 25–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Nicholson, L.B., Greer, J.M., Sobel, R.A., Lees, M.B. and Kuchroo, V.K. (1995) An altered peptide ligand mediates immune deviation and prevents autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunity, 3, 397–405.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Nicholson, L.B., Murtaza, A., Hafler, B.P., Sette, A. and Kuchroo, V.K. (1997) AT cell receptor antagonist peptide induces T cells that mediate bystander suppression and prevent autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with multiple myelin antigens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 94, 9279–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Nishijima, K., Kohyama, M., Hisatsune, T., Kato, H., Kakehi, M. and Kaminogawa, S. (1997) Enhancing effect of interleukin-4 on the secretion of interferon-gamma by αs1-casein-specific CD8+ T cells. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem., 61, 1156–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Oldaeus, G., Bjorksten, B., Einarsson, R. and Kjellman, N.I. (1991) Antigenicigy and allergenicity of cow’s milk hydrolysates intended for infant feeding. Paediatr. Allergy Immunol., 4, 156–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Ong, E.K., Knox, R.B. and Singh, M.B. (1995) Mapping of the antigenic and allergenic epitopes of Lol pVB using gene fragmentation. Mol. Immunol., 32, 295–302.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Otani, H. and Hosono, A. (1987) Antigenic reactive regions of S-carboxymethylated β-lactoglobulin. Agric. Biol. Chem., 51, 531–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Papiz, M.Z., Sawyer, L., Eliopoulos, E.E., North, A.C., Findlay, J.B., Sivaprasadarao, R., Jones, T.A., Newcomer, M.E. and Kraulis, P.J. (1986) The structure of β-lactoglobulin and its similarity to plasma retinol-binding protein. Nature, 324, 383–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Piastre, M., Stabile, A., Fioravanti, G., Castagnola, M., Pani, G. and Ria, F. (1994) Cord blood mononuclear cell responsiveness to β-lactoglobulin: T-cell activity in ‘atopy-prone’ and ‘non-atopy-prone’ newborns. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 104, 358–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Pike, A.C., Brew, K. and Acharya, K.R. (1996) Crystal structures of guinea-pig, goat and bovine α-lactalbumin highlight the enhanced conformational flexibility of regions that are significant for its action in lactose synthase. Structure, 4, 691–703.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Ragno, V., Giampietro, P.O., Bruno, G. and Businco, L. (1993) Allergenicity of milk protein hydrolysate formulae in children with cow’s milk allergy. Eur. J. Pediatr., 152, 760–2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Sakurai, T., Ametani, A., Nakamura, Y., Shimizu, M., Idota, T. and Kaminogawa, S. (1993) Cryptic B cell determinant in a short peptide: T cells do not induce antibody response of B cells when their determinants entirely overlap each other. Int. Immunol., 5, 793–800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Sampson, H.A., Bemhisel-Broadbent, J., Yang, E. and Scanion, S.M. (1991) Safety of casein hydrolysate formula in children with cow milk allergy. J. Pediatr., 118, 520–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Savilahti, E. (1981) Cow’s milk allergy. Allergy, 36, 73–88.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Savilahti, E. and Kuitunen, M. (1992) Allergenicity of cow milk proteins. J. Pediatr., 121, S12–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Saylor, J.D. and Bahna, S.L. (1991) Anaphylaxis to casein hydrolysate formula. J. Pediatr., 118, 71–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Sélo, I., Négroni, L., Créminon, C. Yvon, M., Peltre, G. and Wal, J.-M. (1998) Allergy to bovine β-lactoglobulin: specificity of human IgE using cyanogen bromide-derived peptides. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 117, 20–8.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Sélo, L., Clement, G., Bernard, H., Chatel, J., Creminon. C., Peltre, G. and Wal, J.-M. (1999) Allergy to bovine β-lactoglobulin: specificity of human IgE to tryptic peptides. Clin. Exp. Allergy, 29, 1055–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Sette, A., Alexander, J., Ruppert, J., Snoke, K., Franco, A., Ishioka, G. and Grey, H.M. (1994) Antigen analogs/MHC complexes as specific T cell receptor antagonists. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12, 413–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Shon, D.H., Enomoto, A., Yamauchi. K. and Kaminogawa, S. (1991) Antibodies raised against peptide fragments of bovine αs1-casein cross-react with the native protein, but recognize sites distinct from the determinants on the protein. Eur. J. Immunol., 21, 1475–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Singh, D.P., Kikuchi, T., Singh, V.K. and Shinohara, T. (1994) A single amino acid substitution in core residues of S-antigen prevents experimental autoimmune uveitis. J. Immunol., 152, 4699–705.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Sloan-Lancaster, J. and Allen, P.M. (1996) Altered peptide ligand-induced partial T cell activation: Molecular mechanisms and role in T cell biology. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 14, 1–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Spies, J.R. (1971) New antigens in lactose. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 137, 211–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Spies, J.R., Stevan, M.A. and Stein, W.J. (1972) The chemistry of allergens. XXI. Eight new antigens generated by successive pepsin hydrolyses of bovine β-lactoglobulin. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 50, 82–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Spuergin, P., Mueller, H., Walter. M., Schiltz, E. and Forster, J. (1996) Allergenic epitopes of bovine αs1-casein recognized by human IgE and IgG. Allergy, 51, 306–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Stuart, D.I., Acharya, K.R., Walker, N.P., Smith, S.G., Lewis, M. and Phillips, D.C. (1986) α-Lactalbumin possesses a novel calcium binding loop. Nature, 324, 84–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Takahashi, T., Yamauchi, K. and Kaminogawa, S. (1990) Comparison between the antigenicity of native and unfolded β-lactoglobulin. Agric. Biol. Chem., 54, 691–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Therattil, J.M. and Bahna, S.L. (1999) Hypoallergenic formulas, in Food Hypersensitivity and Adverse Reactions. A Practical Guide for Diagnosis and Management, (M. Frieri and B. Kettelhut eds.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, pp. 477–83.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Thompson, H.S. and Staines, N.A. (1990) Could specific oral tolerance be a therapy for autoimmune disease? Immunol. Today, 11, 396–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Toda, M., Totsuka, M., Furukawa, S., Yokota, K., Yoshioka, T., Ametani, A. and Kaminogawa, S. (2000) Downregulation of antigen-specific antibody production by T-cell receptor antagonist peptides in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol., 30, 403–14.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Totsuka, M., Katakura, Y., Shimizu, M., Kumagai, I, Miura, K. and Kaminogawa, S. (1990) Expression and secretion of bovine β-lactoglobulin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Agric. Biol. Chem., 54, 3111–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Totsuka, M., Ametani, A. and Kaminogawa, S. (1997a) Fine mapping of T-cell determinants of bovine β-lactoglobulin. Cytotechnology, 25, 101–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Totsuka, M., Furukawa, S., Sato, E., Ametani, and Kaminogawa, S. (1997b) Antigen-specific inhibition of CD4+ T-cell responses to β-lactoglobulin by its single amino acid-substituted mutant form through T-cell receptor antagonism. Cytotechnology, 25, 115–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Totsuka, M., Kakehi, M., Kohyama, M., Hachimura, S., Hisatsune, T. and Kaminogawa, S. (1998) Enhancement of antigen-specific IFN-γ production from CD8+ T cells by a single amino acid-substituted peptide derived from bovine αs1-casein. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 88, 277–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Tsuji, N.M., Kurisaki, J., Mizumachi, K. and Kaminogawa, S. (1993) Localization of T-cell determinants on bovine β-lactoglobulin. Immunol. Lett., 37, 215–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. van Milligen, F.J., van’t Hof, W., van den Berg, M. and Aalberse, R.C. (1994) IgE epitope on the cat (Felix domesticus) major allergen Fel d I: a study with overlapping synthetic peptides. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 93, 34–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  103. van’t Hof, W., Driedijk, P.C., van den Berg, M., Beck-Sickinger, A.G., Jung, G. and Aalberse, R.C. (1991) Epitope mapping of the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus house dust mite major allergen Der p II using overlapping synthetic peptides. Mol. Immunol., 28, 1225–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Venien, A., Levieux, D., Astier, C., Briand, L., Chobert, J.M. and Haertle, T. (1997) Production and epitopic characterization of monoclonal antibodies against bovine β-lactoglobulin. J. Dairy Sci., 80, 1977–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Wahn, U., Wahl, R. and Rugo, E. (1992) Comparison of the residual allergenic activity of six different hydrolyzed protein formulas. J. Pedeatr., 121, S80–4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Wal, J.-M. (1998) Cow’s milk allergens. Allergy, 53, 1013–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Weiner, H.L. (1994) Oral tolerance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 91, 10762–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Weiner, H.L., Friedman, A., Miller, A., Khoury, S.J., Al-Sabbagh, A., Santos, L., Sayegh, M., Nussenblatt, R.B., Trentham, D.E. and Hafler, D.A. (1994) Oral tolerance: immunologie mechanisms and treatment of animal and human organspecific autoimmune diseases by oral administration of autoantigens. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 12, 809–37.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Williams, S.C., Badley, R.A, Davis, P.J., Puijk, W.C. and Meloen, R.H. (1998) Identification of epitopes within β-lactoglobulin recognised by polyclonal antibodies using phage display and PEPSCAN. J. Immunol. Meth., 213, 1–17.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. S. Kaminogawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Totsuka
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science, Food Technology and Nutrition, University College, Cork, Ireland

    P. F. Fox  & P. L. H. McSweeney  & 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Kaminogawa, S., Totsuka, M. (2003). Allergenicity of Milk Proteins. In: Fox, P.F., McSweeney, P.L.H. (eds) Advanced Dairy Chemistry—1 Proteins. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_19

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8602-3_19

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-306-47271-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8602-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation