Skip to main content

Abstract

There has been considerable progress and development in the diagnosis and intervention for children with autism during the past several decades. This chapter provides an account of the major findings that have led to our increased understanding of the behavioral manifestations of autism and the development of intervention techniques. Evidence on the etiology and intervention is reviewed within a framework that explores the possibility that neurological or physiological processes may result in an inappropriate level of social interaction which, in turn, leads to disabilities in communication and other problem behaviors that characterize autism. Understanding this atypical developmental track can lead directly to the understanding, intervention in, and prevention of many of the severe aspects of autism that are so stigmatizing and disabling to children, adolescents, and adults.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adrien, J. L., Faure, M., Perrot, A., Hameury, L., Garreau, B., Barthelemy, C, & Sauvage, D. (1991). Autism and family home movies: Preliminary findings. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 43–49.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, J., & Won, K. (1990). The influence of participation in regular versus“special” education settings on students with challenging behaviors. Unpublished master’s thesis. California State University, Hayward.

    Google Scholar 

  • Applebaum, E., Egel, A. L., Koegel, R. L., & Imhoff, B. (1979). Measuring musical abilities of autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 3, 279–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold, G., & Schwartz, S. (1983). Hemispheric lateralization of language in autistic and aphasie children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 129–139.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • August, G. J., & Lockhart, L. H. (1984). Familial autism and the fragile-X chromosome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 197–204.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bartak, L., Rutter, M., & Cox, A. (1975). A comparative study of infantile autism and specific developmental receptive language disorder: I. The children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 126, 127–145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, M. L., & Kemper, T. L. (1985). Histo-anatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism. Neurology, 35, 866–874.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bednersh, F., & Peck, C. A. (1986). Assessing social environments: Effects of peer characteristics on the social behavior of children with severe handicaps. Child Study Journal, 16, 315–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettelheim, B. (1967). The empty fortress. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, M, Freidman, E., DeVito, E., Greenspan, L., & Collins, P. J. (1974). Blood serotonin in psychotic and brain damaged children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 4, 33–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G. (1977). The motivation of self-injurious behavior: A review of some hypotheses. Psychological Bulletin, 84, 800–816.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G. (1982). Sign language. In R. L. Koegel, A. Rincover, & A. L. Egel (Eds.), Educating and understanding autistic children (pp. 142–158). San Diego, CA: College-Hill Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., Binkoff, J. A., Kologinsky, E., & Eddy, M. (1978). Acquisition of sign language by autistic children. I: Expressive labeling. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 11, 489–501.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing behavior problems through functional communication training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 111–126.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., Levin, L., McConnachie, G., Carlson, J. I., Kemp, D. C, Smith, C. E., & Magito McLaughlin, D. (1999). Comprehensive multisituational intervention for problem behavior in the community: Long-term maintenance and social validation. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., Reeve, C. E., & Magito-McLaughlin, D. (1996). Contextual influences on problem behavior in people with developmental disabilities. In L. K. Koegel, R. L. Koegel, & G. Dunlap (Eds.), Positive behavioral support: Including people with difficult behavior in the community (pp. 403–423). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carr, E. G., Schreibman, L., & Lovaas, O. I. (1975). Control of echolalic speech in psychotic children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 3, 331–351.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, M., & Maxwell, K. (1998). Promoting interaction with children using augmentative communication through a peer-directed intervention. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 45, 75–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chess, S. (1971). Autism in children with congenital rubella. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 1, 33–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chess, S. (1977). Follow-up report on autism in congenital rubella. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 7, 69–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, M. (1994). Second trimester of gestation: A time of risk for classical autism? Developmental Brain Dysfunction, 7, 104–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne, E. (1987). A neurophysiological view of autism. In E. Schopler & G. Mesibov (Eds.), Neurobiological issues in autism. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne, E., Hesselink, J. R., Jernigan, T. L., & Yeung-Courchesne, R. (1987). Abnormal neuroanatomy in a nonretarded person with autism: Unusual findings using magnetic resonance imaging. Archives of Neurology, 44, 335–341.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne, E., Lincoln, A. J., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Elmasian, R., & Grillon, C. (1989). Pathophysiologic findings in nonretarded autism and receptive developmental language disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 1–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne, E., Mueller, R., & Saitoh, O. (1999). Brain weight in autism: Normal in the majority of cases, megalencephalic in rare cases. Neurology, 52(5), 1057–1059.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Curcio, E., & Paccia, J. (1987). Conversations with autistic children: Contingent relationships between features of adult input and children’s response adequacy. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 81–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Damasio, A., & Maurer, R. (1978). A neurological model for childhood autism. Archives of Neurology, 35, 777–786.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Datillio, J., & Camarata, S. (1991). Facilitating conversation through self-initiated augmentative communication treatment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24, 369–378.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Finley, C, Phillips, S., & Galpert, L. (1986). Hemispheric specialization and the language abilities of autistic children. Child Development, 57, 1440–1453.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Finley, C, Phillips, S., Galpert, L., & Lewy, A. (1988). Reduced P3 amplitude of the event-related brain potential: Its relationship to language ability in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 18, 493–504.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Finley, C, Phillips, S., & Lewy, A. (1989). A comparison of hemispheric asymmetries in speech-related brain potentials of autistic and dysphasic children. Brain and Language, 37, 26–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Klinger, L. G., Panagiotides, H., & Lewy, A. (1995). Subgroups of autistic children based on social behavior display distinct patterns of brain activity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 569–583.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Meltzoff, A. N., Osterling, J., & Rinaldi, J. (1998). Neuropsychological correlates of early symptoms of autism. Child Development, 69, 1276–1285.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Warrenburg, S., & Fuller, P. (1982). Cerebral lateralization in individuals diagnosed as autistic in early childhood. Brain and Cognition, 2, 346–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeGiacomo, A., & Fombonne, E. (1998). Parental recognition of developmental abnormalities in autism. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 7(3), 131–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLong, G. R. (1999). Autism: New data suggest a new hypothesis. Neurology, 52(5), 911–916.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeMeyer, M. K., Barton, S., DeMeyer, W. E., Norton, J. A., Allen, J., & Steele, R. (1973). Prognosis in autism: A follow-up study. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 3, 199–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department of Developmental Services. (1999, March). Changes in the population of persons with autism and pervasive developmental disorders in California’s developmental services system: 1987 through 1998. A Report to the Legislature. Sacramento, CA: California State Health and Human Services Agency.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodge, K. A. (1983). Behavioral antecedents of peer social status. Child Development, 54, 1386–1399.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunlap, G., Robbins, F. R., Dollman, C, & Plienis, A. J. (1988). Early intervention for young children with autism: A regional training approach. Huntington, WV: Marshall University.

    Google Scholar 

  • DuPaul, G. J., McGoey, K. E., & Yugar, J. M. (1997). Mainstreaming students with behavior disorders: The use of classroom peers as facilitators of generalization. School Psychology Review, 26, 634–650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand, V. M. (1999). New directions in educational programming for students with autism. In D. B. Zager et al. (Eds.), Autism: Identification, education, and treatment (2nd ed., pp. 323–343). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Egel, A. L., Koegel, R. L., & Schreibman, L. (1980). Review of educational-treatment procedures for autistic children. In L. Mann & D. Sabatino (Eds.), Fourth review of special education (pp. 109–150). New York: Grune & Stratton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenberg, L., & Kanner, L. (1956). Early infantile autism: 1943-1955. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 26, 55–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fein, D., Skoff, B., & Mirsky, A. F. (1981). Clinical correlates of brain stem dysfunction in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11, 303–315.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Frea, W. D. (1995). Social-communicative skills in higher-functioning children with autism. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities (pp. 53–66). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frea, W. D. (1997). Reducing Stereotypic behavior by teaching orienting responses to environmental stimuli. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 22, 28–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frea, W. D., & Hepburn, S. L. (1999). A demonstration of teaching parents of children with autism how to perform functional assessments to plan interventions for extremely disruptive behaviors. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 112–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillberg, C, & Gillberg, I. C. (1983). Infantile autism: A total population study of reduced optimality in the pre-, peri-, and neonatal period. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 153–166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gillberg, C, Rosenhall, U., & Johansson, E. (1983). Auditory brain stem responses in childhood psychosis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 181–195.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grillon, C, Courchesne, E., & Akshoomoff, N. (1989). Brain stem and middle latency auditory evoked potentials in autism and developmental language disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 255–269.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guralnick, M. J., Connor, R. T., Hammond, M., Gottman, J. M., & Kinnish, K. (1996). Immediate effects of mainstreamed settings on the social interactions and social integration of preschool children. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 100, 359–377.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haring, T. G. (1993). Research basis of instructional procedures to promote social interaction and integration. In S. R. Warren (Ed.), Advances in mental retardation and developmental disabilities. Vol. 5: Research basis of instruction (pp. 129–164). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haring, T. G., & Breen, C. G. (1992). A peer mediated social network intervention to enhance the social integration of persons with moderate and severe disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 319–334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haring, T. G., & Lovinger, L. (1989). Promoting social interaction through teaching generalized play initiation responses to preschool children with autism. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 58–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrower, J. K. (1999). Issues concerning the educational inclusion of children with severe disabilities. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1(4), 215–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hetzler, B., & Griffin, J. (1981). Infantile autism and the temporal lobe of the brain. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11, 317–330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, E. D. E., Tsang, A. K. T., & Ho, D. Y. F. (1992). An investigation of the calendar calculation ability of a Chinese calendar savant. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 21, 315–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Horner, R. H., & Carr, E. G. (1997). Behavioral support for students with severe disabilities: Functional assessment and comprehensive intervention. The Journal of Special Education, 31, 84–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howlin, P., & Goode, S. (1998). Outcome in adult life for people with autism and Asperger’s syndrome. In Fred R. Volkmer et al. (Eds.), Autism and pervasive developmental disorders (pp. 209–241). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes, C, Leboyer, M., & Bouvard, M. (1997). Executive function in parents of children with autism. Psychological Medicine, 27, 209–220.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurley-Geffner, C. M. (1995). Friendships between children with and without developmental disabilities. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities (pp. 105–125). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kanner, L. (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child, 2, 217–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, C. H., Cushing, L. S., & Itkonen, T. (1997). General education participation improves the social contacts and friendship networks of students with severe disabilities. Journal of Behavioral Education, 7, 167–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, C. H., Homer, R. H., & Newton, J. S. (1989). Social contacts of adults with severe disabilities living in the community: A descriptive analysis of relationship patterns. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 14, 190–196.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern, L., Koegel, R. L., & Dunlap, G. (1984). The influence of vigorous vs. mild exercise on autistic stereotyped responding. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 14, 57–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kern, L., Koegel, R. L., Dyer, K., Blew, P. A., & Fenton, L. R. (1982). The effects of physical exercise on selfstimulation and appropriate responding in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 4, 399–419.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K. (1995). Communication and language intervention. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities (pp. 17–32). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Camarata, S. M, Valdez-Menchaca, M., & Koegel, R. L. (1998). Setting generalization of questionasking by children with autism. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102, 346–357.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Harrower, J. K., & Koegel, R. L. (1999). Support for children with developmental disabilities in full inclusion classrooms through self-management. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 26–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., & Dunlap, G. (Eds.). (1996). Positive behavioral support: Supporting people with difficult behavior in the community. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Harrower, J. K., & Carter, C. M. (1999). Pivotal response intervention. I: Overview of approach. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(3), 174–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Hurley, C, & Frea, W. D. (1992). Improving pragmatic skills and disruptive behavior in children with autism through self-management. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 341–354.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., Shoshan, Y, & McNerney, E. (1999). Pivotal response intervention. II: Preliminary longterm outcome data on self-initiations. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 24(3), 186–198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Koegel, R. L., & Smith, A. (1997). Variables related to differences in standardized test outcomes for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 233–243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, L. K., Steibel, D., & Koegel, R. L. (1998). Reducing aggression in children with autism toward infant or toddler siblings. Journal of the Association for Persons with Severe Handicaps, 23, 111–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Bimbela, A., & Schreibman, L. (1996). Collateral effects of parent training on family interactions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26, 347–359.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Camarata, S., & Koegel, L. K. (1994). Aggression and noncompliance: Behavior modification through naturalistic language remediation. In J. L. Matson (Ed.), Autism in children and adults: Etiology, assessment and intervention (pp. 165–180). Pacific Grove, CA: Brookes/Cole.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Dyer, K., & Bell, L. K. (1987). The influence of child-preferred activities on autistic children’s social behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 20, 243–252.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., & Frea, W. D. (1993). Treatment of social behavior in autism through the modification of pivotal social skills. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 26, 369–377.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Frea, W. D., & Surratt, A. (1994). Self-management of problematic social behavior. In E. Schopler & G. Mesibov (Eds.), Behavioral issues in autism (pp. 81-97). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K., & Carter, C. M. (1999). Pivotal teaching interactions for children with autism. School Psychology Review, 28, 576–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Koegel, L. K., & Surratt, A. V. (1992). Language intervention and disruptive behavior in preschool children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 141–154.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., O’Dell, M. C, & Koegel, L. K. (1987). A natural language paradigm for teaching non-verbal autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 17, 187–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., Good, A., Cerniglia, L., Murphy, C, & Koegel, L. K. (1989). How to teach pivotal behaviors to children with autism: A training manual. University of California: Santa Barbara.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., Loos, L. M., Dirlich-Wilhelm, H., Dunlap, G., Robbins, F. R., & Plienis, A. (1992). Consistent stress profiles in mothers of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 22, 205–216.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Koegel, R. L., Schreibman, L., O’Neill, R. E., & Burke, J. C. (1983). Personality and family interaction characteristics of parents of autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 16, 683–692.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lancoini, G. E. (1983). Using pictorial representations as communication means with low-functioning children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 87–105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laski, K. E., Charlop, M. H., & Schreibman, L. (1988). Training parents to use the natural language paradigm to increase their autistic children’s speech. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 21, 391–400.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Libby, S., Powell, S., Messer, D., & Jordan, R. (1998). Spontaneous play in children with autism: A reappraisal. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28, 487–497.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Light, J. C, Binger, C, Agate, T. L., & Ramsay, K. N. (1999). Teaching partner-focused questions to individuals who use augmentative and alternative communication to enhance their communicative competence. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 42, 241–255.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lincoln, A., Courchesne, E., Allen, M, Hanson, E., & Ene, M. (1998). Neurobiology of Asperger syndrome: Seven case studies and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging findings. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism? (pp. 145–163). New York: Plenum.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C, Pickles, A., McLennan, J., Rutter, M., Bergman, J., Folstein, S., Fombonne, E., Leboyer, M., & Minshew, N. (1997). Diagnosing autism: Analyses of data from the Autism Diagnostic Interview. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27, 501–517.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lovaas, O. I., Varni, J., Koegel, R. L., & Lorsch, N. (1977). Some observations on the non-extinguishability of children’s speech. Child Development, 48, 1121–1127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, G. (1988). Communication patterns—mothers and mentally retarded infants. First Language, 8, 157–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McBride, P. A., Anderson, G. M., Hertzig, M. E., Snow, M. E., Thompson, S. M., Khait, V. D., Shapiro, T., & Cohen, D. J. (1998). Effects of diagnosis, race, and puberty on platelet serotonin levels in autism and mental retardation. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 767–776.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Meyer, L. H., Monondo, S., Fisher, M., Larson, M. J., Dunmore, S., Black, J. W., & D’Aquanni, M. (1998). Frames of friendship: Social relationships among adolescents with diverse abilities. In L. H. Meyer, H. S. Park, M. Gernot-Scheyer, I. S. Schwartz, & B. Harry (Eds.), Making friends: Influences of culture and development. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moes, D. (1995). Parent education and parenting stress. In R. L. Koegel & L. K. Koegel (Eds.), Teaching children with autism: Strategies for initiating positive interactions and improving learning opportunities (pp. 79–93). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1990). A longitudinal study of joint attention and language development in autistic children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 20, 115–128.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odom, S. L., Chandler, L. K., Ostrosky, M., McConnell, S. R., & Reaney, S. (1992). Fading teacher prompts from peer-initiation interventions for young children with disabilities. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 25, 307–318.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Odom, S. L., Hoyson, M., Jamieson, B., & Strain, P. S. (1985). Increasing handicapped preschoolers’ peer interactions: Cross-setting and component analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 3–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Olley, J. G. (1986). The TEACCH curriculum for teaching social behavior to children with autism. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Social behavior and autism (pp. 351–373). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Neill, R. E., Homer, R. H., Albin, R. W., Storey, K., & Sprague, J. R. (1990). Functional analysis: A practical assessment guide. Sycamore, IL: Sycamore Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ornitz, E. M. (1985). Neurophysiology of infantile autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 24, 251–262.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ornitz, E. M., Brown, M. B., Mason, A., & Putnam, N. H. (1974). Effect of visual input on vestibular nystagmus in autistic children. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 369–375.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pierce, K., & Schreibman, L. (1997). Multiple peer use of pivotal response training to increase social behaviors of classmates with autism: Results from trained and untrained peers. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 30, 157–160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prior, M., & Bradshaw, J. L. (1979). Hemispheric functioning in autistic children. Cortex, 15, 73–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prizant, B. M. (1983). Echolalia in autism: Assessment and intervention. Seminars in Speech and Language, 4, 63–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prizant, B. M., & Rydell, P. J. (1984). Analysis of functions of delayed echolalia in autistic children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 183–192.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rapin, L. (1997). Autism. New England Journal of Medicine, 337, 97–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichle, J., Mirenda, P., Locke, P., Piche, L., & Johnston, S. (1992). Beginning augmentative communication systems. In S. F. Warren & J. Reichle (Eds.), Causes and effects in communication and language intervention (pp. 131–156). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Risley, T. (1996). Get a life!: Positive behavioral intervention for challenging behavior through life arrangement and life coaching. In L. K. Koegel, R. L. Koegel, & G. Dunlap (Eds.), Positive behavioral support: Including people with difficult behavior in the community (pp. 425–438). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. R., & Freeman, B. J. (1978). National society for autistic children definition of the syndrome of autism. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 8, 162–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. R., Freeman, B. J., Scheibel, A. B., Duong, T., Robinson, H., Guthrie, D., & Ritvo, A. M. (1986). Lower Purkinje cell counts in the cerebella of four autistic subjects: Initial findings of the UCLA-NSAC autopsy research report. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 862–866.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. R., Freeman, B. J., Yuwiler, A., Geller, E., Yokota, A., Schroth, P., & Novak, P. (1984). Study of fenfluramine in outpatients with the syndrome of autism. Journal of Pediatrics, 105, 823–828.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. R., Ornitz, E. M., Eviatar, A., Markham, C. H., Brown, M. B., & Mason, A. (1989). Decreased postrotatory nystagmus in early infantile autism. Neurology, 19, 653–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritvo, E. R., Ritvo, E. C, & Brothers, A. M. (1982). Genetic and immunohematologic factors in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 12, 109–114.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (1978). Diagnosis and definition of childhood autism. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 8, 139–167.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rydell, P. J., & Mirenda, P. (1994). Effects of high and low constraint utterances on the production of immediate and delayed echolalia in young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 719–735.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schepis, M. M., Reid, D. H., Behrmann, M. M., & Sutton, K. A. (1998). Increasing communicative interactions of young children with autism using a voice output communication aid and naturalistic teaching. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 561–578.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schopler, E. (1978). On confusion in the diagnosis of autism. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 8, 137–138.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schreibman, L., & Charlop, M. H. (1987). Autism. In V. B. Van Hasselt & M. Hersen (Eds.), Psychological evaluation of the developmentally and physically disabled (pp. 155–174). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schreibman, L., Kaneko, W., & Koegel, R. L. (1991). Positive affect of parents of autistic children: A comparison across two teaching techniques. Behavior Therapy, 22, 479–490.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schreibman, L., Koegel, R. L., Mills, J. I., & Burke, J. C. (1981). Social validation of behavior therapy with autistic children. Behavior Therapy, 12, 610–624.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, T. M., & Nelson, C. M. (in press). Using functional behavioral assessment to develop effective intervention plans: Practical classroom application. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, S., Kennedy, C. H., & Cushing, L. S. (1998). Adult influence on the participation of peers without disabilities in peer support programs. Journal of Behavioral Education, 8, 397–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla, S., Kennedy, C. H., & Cushing, L. S. (1999). Supporting the social participation of intermediate school students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms. Journal of Positive Behavior Intervention, 1(3), 130–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sigafoos, J. (1998). Assessing conditional use of graphic mode requesting in a young boy with autism. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 10, 133–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steibel, D. (1999). Using a parent problem-solving intervention to promote augmentative communication during daily routines. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1(3), 159–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strain, P. S. (1983). Generalization of autistic children’s social behavior change: Effects of developmentally integrated and segregated settings. Analysis and Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 3, 23–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strain, P. S., Shores, R. E., & Timm, M. A. (1977). Effects of peer social initiations on the behavior of withdrawn preschool children. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 10, 289–298.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, R. C. (1978). The hostage parent. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia, 8, 233–248.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Szatmari, P. (1999). Heterogeneity and the genetics of autism. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 24, 159–165.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tager-Flusberg, H. (1990). Psycholinguistic approaches to language and communication in autism. In E. Schopler & G. B. Mesibov (Eds.), Communication problems in autism (pp. 69–87). New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd, A. W., Horner, R. H., & Sugai, G. (1999). Effects of self-monitoring and self-recruited praise on problem behavior, academic engagement, and work completion in a typical classroom. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 1, 66–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Townsend, J., Courchesne, E., & Egaas, B. (1996). Slowed orienting of the covert visual-spatial attention in autism: Specific deficits associated with cerebellar and parietal abnormality. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 563–584.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trottier, G., Srivastava, L., & Walker, C. (1999). Etiology of infantile autism: A review of recent advances in genetic and neurobiological research. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 24, 103–115.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, L. Y, & Stewart, M. A. (1983). Etiological implication of maternal age and birth order in infantile autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13, 57–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • United States Department of Education. (1999). Comparison of the 16th and 20th annual report to Congress on the implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, number and change in number of children ages 6-21 served under IDEA, Part B, Autism.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valdez-Menchaca, M. C. (1991). Child effects on maternal speech: Their implications for long-term maintenance of early intervention gains. State University of New York, Stony Brook. Dissertation Abstracts International, 51(11-A), 3681–3682.

    Google Scholar 

  • Volkmar, F. R., & Lord, C. (1998). Diagnosis and definition of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. In F. R. Volkmar et al. (Eds.), Autism and pervasive developmental disorders. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, L. J. (1987). Procedural rights in the wrong system: Special education is not enough. In A. Gartner & T. Joe (Eds.), Images of the disabled, disabling images (pp. 97–115). New York: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A., Koegel, R. L., & Mendel, M. (1981). Central auditory nervous system dysfunction in echolalic autistic individuals Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 24, 420–429.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherby, A. M, & Pruning, C. A. (1984). Profiles of communicative and cognitive-social abilities in autistic children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 27, 364–377.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. (1976). Early childhood autism: Clinical, educational and social aspects, 2nd ed. Oxford, England: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. (1996). Autism spectrum disorders. British Medical Journal, 312, 327–328.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wing, L. (1997). The autistic spectrum. Lancet, 350, 1761–1766.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Koegel, L.K., Valdez-Menchaca, M., Koegel, R.L., Harrower, J.K. (2001). Autism. In: Hersen, M., Van Hasselt, V.B. (eds) Advanced Abnormal Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8497-5_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8497-5_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4613-4631-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4419-8497-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics