Abstract
Abnormal psychology is concerned with psychological and behavioral disorder. The medical model of abnormal psychology addresses etiology, diagnosis (including assessment), and treatment. The behavioral model of abnormal psychology described later also addresses these topics but in a substantively different manner. We consider each of these topics in the following sections. Briefly, etiology concerns the origins of disorder. Whereas the medical model looks for a pathogen of some kind, the behavioral model looks to principles of learning to find the causes of behavioral development, including both normal and abnormal outcomes. This means that abnormal behavior derives from a normal learning process but results in maladaptive outcomes. In other words, abnormal behavior is governed by the same laws of learning as normal behavior; abnormal behaviors are learned the same way as normal behaviors. Therefore, learning is the central causative process in the behavioral model. Learning implies memory, for without some way to retain what has been learned, development cannot be cumulative. Hence, learning and memory are the two primary psychological pillars upon which the behavioral model rests. It should be noted that all psychological explanations of normal and abnormal behavior, grounded in any and all psychological models, are based on learning and memory because there is no other way to implement psychological development. In other words, all psychological explanations (models) are based on an implied or explicit learning theory; they differ only in what is said to be learned and how learning is presumed to take place.1 Operant and respondent conditioning are two traditional areas of learning research upon which the behavioral model rests, and therefore we cover these areas. Considerably more attention is paid to operant conditioning because it plays a correspondingly larger role (cf. Ayllon, & McKittrick, 1982; Cohen, & Filipczak, 1971; Kazdin, 1977; Parker, 1996). We briefly consider recent developments in the field of learning called Neural Network Learning Theory (NNLT) that unifies animal and human learning from simple habit formation through complex cognitive processing, language development, and memory. Therefore, NNLT provides a comprehensive theoretical basis for learning that sets the occasion for unifying schools of behaviorism with mainstream psychology.
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Tryon, W.W. (2001). Behavioral Model. In: Hersen, M., Van Hasselt, V.B. (eds) Advanced Abnormal Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8497-5_5
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