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Sensory Contributions to Spatial Knowledge of Real and Virtual Environments

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Human Walking in Virtual Environments

Abstract

Most sensory systems are able to inform people about the spatial structure of their environment, their place in that environment, and their movement through it. We discuss these various sources of sensory information by dividing them into three general categories: external (vision, audition, somatosensory), internal (vestibular, kinesthetic) and efferent (efference copy, attention). Research on the roles of these sensory systems in the creation of environmental knowledge has shown, with few exceptions, that information from a single sensory modality is often sufficient for acquiring at least rudimentary knowledge of one’s immediate environment and one’s movement through it. After briefly discussing the ways in which sources of sensory information commonly covary in everyday life, we examine the types and quality of sensory information available from contemporary virtual environments, including desktop, CAVE, and HMD-based systems. Because none of these computer mediated systems is yet able to present a perfectly full and veridical sensory experience to its user, it is important for researchers and VE developers to understand the circumstances, tasks, and goals for which different sensory information sources are most critical. We review research on these topics, as well as research on how the omission, limitation, or distortion of different information sources may affect the perception and behavior of users. Finally, we discuss situations in which various types of virtual environment systems may be more or less useful.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Desktop VEs are rarely constructed to match the physical viewing angle (the visual extent taken up by the monitor) and the virtual field of view (the amount of the VE that is visible). A user’s physical viewing angle can vary greatly depending on her distance from the display, and it has been shown both that users do not notice this discrepancy [56] and that a wider field of view is advantageous in many tasks (e.g., [5]).

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  1. Department of Psychology, Miami University, Psychology Building 218, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA

    David Waller & Eric Hodgson

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  1. University of Würzburg, Oswald-Külpe-Weg 82, Würzburg, 97074, Germany

    Frank Steinicke

  2. Drexel University, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineerin, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Yon Visell

  3. University of Toronto,  Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Univ, University Ave 550, Toronto, M5G 2A2, Ontario, Canada

    Jennifer Campos

  4. Computer Science and Control (INRIA), National Institute for Research in, Campus de Beaulie, Rennes Cedex, 35042, France

    Anatole Lécuyer

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Waller, D., Hodgson, E. (2013). Sensory Contributions to Spatial Knowledge of Real and Virtual Environments. In: Steinicke, F., Visell, Y., Campos, J., Lécuyer, A. (eds) Human Walking in Virtual Environments. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8432-6_1

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