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Secondary Narcolepsy

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Narcolepsy

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Abstract

Idiopathic narcolepsy with cataplexy is caused by a deficiency of the hypothalamic hypocretin system [1]. Selective loss of hypocretin-­producing neurons in the dorsolateral hypothalamus with sparing of adjacent melanin-concentrating hormone cells, a tight linkage to the HLA DQB1*0602 haplotype, and the recent discovery of specific antibodies (Trib2) suggest an autoimmune etiology [2–6]. The disorder is characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy. In addition, fragmented nocturnal sleep, hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS), intense dreaming, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are frequently encountered [7]. According to the diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, diagnosis of narcolepsy with cataplexy can be made in the presence of persisting EDS for at least 3 months, definite history of clear-cut cataplexy and specific findings in the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) [mean sleep latency ≤8 min, ≥2 sleep onset rapid eye movement (SOREM) periods] [8]. If cataplexy is absent or atypical, narcolepsy without cataplexy is diagnosed [8].

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  1. Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland

    Philipp O. Valko

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  2. Rositsa Poryazova
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  1. , Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland

    Christian R. Baumann

  2. Neurocenter EOC of Southern Switzerland, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Via Tesserete 46, Lugano, 6903, Switzerland

    Claudio L. Bassetti

  3. and Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, 02215, Massachusetts, USA

    Thomas E. Scammell

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Valko, P.O., Poryazova, R. (2011). Secondary Narcolepsy. In: Baumann, C., Bassetti, C., Scammell, T. (eds) Narcolepsy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8390-9_30

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